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THE BIBLE UNEARTHED

ARCHAEOLOGY’S NEW VISION OF ANCIENT ISRAEL AND THE ORIGIN OF ITS SACRED TEXTS

Believers won’t much like this new look at the Bible through an archaeological lens, and scholars won’t find anything new,...

A highly readable introduction to ancient archaeology and what it can teach us about the Bible.

What do the digs of the last three decades tell us about the Old Testament? In short, they tell us that most of the Hebrew Bible is bunk. The patriarchs—Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob (along, presumably, with their matriarchal wives, Sarah, Rebecca, Rachel, and Leah)—never existed. There’s no real evidence for the Exodus from Egypt, either. The evidence for the battle Joshua heroically fought with Jericho is “weak.” Digs in Jerusalem haven’t produced any evidence of a glorious reign of David. But archaeology does more than destruct biblical stories—it also offers new hypotheses. Just who were the Israelites if not the literal descendants of a literal guy named Abraham? Clues to their origins lay, the authors claim, in their earliest settlements, which have been excavated. The site of Izbet Sartah, for example, is laid out in an oval, indicating that the dwellers were pastoral. All this archaeological evidence, say Finkelstein (Archaeology/Tel Aviv Univ.) and Silberman (The Hidden Scrolls, 1994), adds up to a major revision of the literary history of the Bible. We can no longer believe that the so-called Book of J was written around the tenth century b.c. On the contrary, argue the authors, it was probably written in the seventh century b.c., and the stories of the patriarchs, the Exodus, and so forth are really expressions of a “religious reform movement” that swept the kingdom of Judah then. The authors are to be commended for not overestimating the importance of historical fact—so what, they ask, if Abraham and Isaac never really existed? They are still important “spiritual” and “metaphorical” figures, “more powerful and timeless than the fleeting adventures of a few historical individuals herding sheep” ever could have been.

Believers won’t much like this new look at the Bible through an archaeological lens, and scholars won’t find anything new, but everyone else will find Finkelstein and Silberman amiable guides.

Pub Date: Jan. 10, 2001

ISBN: 0-684-86912-8

Page Count: 304

Publisher: Free Press

Review Posted Online: May 19, 2010

Kirkus Reviews Issue: Nov. 15, 2000

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BETWEEN THE WORLD AND ME

NOTES ON THE FIRST 150 YEARS IN AMERICA

This moving, potent testament might have been titled “Black Lives Matter.” Or: “An American Tragedy.”

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The powerful story of a father’s past and a son’s future.

Atlantic senior writer Coates (The Beautiful Struggle: A Father, Two Sons, and an Unlikely Road to Manhood, 2008) offers this eloquent memoir as a letter to his teenage son, bearing witness to his own experiences and conveying passionate hopes for his son’s life. “I am wounded,” he writes. “I am marked by old codes, which shielded me in one world and then chained me in the next.” Coates grew up in the tough neighborhood of West Baltimore, beaten into obedience by his father. “I was a capable boy, intelligent and well-liked,” he remembers, “but powerfully afraid.” His life changed dramatically at Howard University, where his father taught and from which several siblings graduated. Howard, he writes, “had always been one of the most critical gathering posts for black people.” He calls it The Mecca, and its faculty and his fellow students expanded his horizons, helping him to understand “that the black world was its own thing, more than a photo-negative of the people who believe they are white.” Coates refers repeatedly to whites’ insistence on their exclusive racial identity; he realizes now “that nothing so essentialist as race” divides people, but rather “the actual injury done by people intent on naming us, intent on believing that what they have named matters more than anything we could ever actually do.” After he married, the author’s world widened again in New York, and later in Paris, where he finally felt extricated from white America’s exploitative, consumerist dreams. He came to understand that “race” does not fully explain “the breach between the world and me,” yet race exerts a crucial force, and young blacks like his son are vulnerable and endangered by “majoritarian bandits.” Coates desperately wants his son to be able to live “apart from fear—even apart from me.”

This moving, potent testament might have been titled “Black Lives Matter.” Or: “An American Tragedy.”

Pub Date: July 8, 2015

ISBN: 978-0-8129-9354-7

Page Count: 176

Publisher: Spiegel & Grau

Review Posted Online: May 5, 2015

Kirkus Reviews Issue: July 1, 2015

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WHEN BREATH BECOMES AIR

A moving meditation on mortality by a gifted writer whose dual perspectives of physician and patient provide a singular...

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A neurosurgeon with a passion for literature tragically finds his perfect subject after his diagnosis of terminal lung cancer.

Writing isn’t brain surgery, but it’s rare when someone adept at the latter is also so accomplished at the former. Searching for meaning and purpose in his life, Kalanithi pursued a doctorate in literature and had felt certain that he wouldn’t enter the field of medicine, in which his father and other members of his family excelled. “But I couldn’t let go of the question,” he writes, after realizing that his goals “didn’t quite fit in an English department.” “Where did biology, morality, literature and philosophy intersect?” So he decided to set aside his doctoral dissertation and belatedly prepare for medical school, which “would allow me a chance to find answers that are not in books, to find a different sort of sublime, to forge relationships with the suffering, and to keep following the question of what makes human life meaningful, even in the face of death and decay.” The author’s empathy undoubtedly made him an exceptional doctor, and the precision of his prose—as well as the moral purpose underscoring it—suggests that he could have written a good book on any subject he chose. Part of what makes this book so essential is the fact that it was written under a death sentence following the diagnosis that upended his life, just as he was preparing to end his residency and attract offers at the top of his profession. Kalanithi learned he might have 10 years to live or perhaps five. Should he return to neurosurgery (he could and did), or should he write (he also did)? Should he and his wife have a baby? They did, eight months before he died, which was less than two years after the original diagnosis. “The fact of death is unsettling,” he understates. “Yet there is no other way to live.”

A moving meditation on mortality by a gifted writer whose dual perspectives of physician and patient provide a singular clarity.

Pub Date: Jan. 19, 2016

ISBN: 978-0-8129-8840-6

Page Count: 248

Publisher: Random House

Review Posted Online: Sept. 29, 2015

Kirkus Reviews Issue: Oct. 15, 2015

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