A painstakingly methodical, exhausting process to conclude that there is really nothing to worry about.
A study of an American public grown more ideologically conflicted since the 1960s and why—or whether—it matters.
There are no givens in this academic, slow-moving work by Campbell (Political Science/Univ. of Buffalo; The American Campaign: U.S. Presidential Campaigns and the National Vote, 2008, etc.), not even a consensus among theorists whether or not the American electorate is polarized or whether polarization is due to the top-down ideological thrust of political elites. After wading through reams of evidence and graphs, the author asserts that the American public has indeed grown more polarized since the turbulence of the 1960s, as issues surrounding Vietnam and war protests, civil rights, rioting in the cities, assassinations, marches, and rallies—all magnified by demographics—divided public attention and clarified the lines between the two parties. Hence, Campbell attests, this is a bottom-up polarization rather than top-down. From there, the author delves into possible theories about why the parties, which from the 1930s to the 1980s were “insufficiently distinct to provide voters with a real and accountable choice,” became more sharply polarized. The theories include the role of gerrymandering, income inequality, ideological activists, partisan media, and polarizing presidents. But Campbell finds a more nuanced cause, namely the “staggered party realignment,” especially as Southern Democrats moved Republican over racial divides, beginning with elections in 1958 and 1964. In the end, the two parties grew more competitive and symmetrical, meaning the Democrats moved more to the left and the Republicans to the right. Further clarifying the ideological divide were the Ronald Reagan “revolution” of 1980 and the midterm elections of 1994. Moreover, while winning the center has always been crucial to election outcomes, each party must tend carefully to the ideological extreme due to low turnout rates. Campbell finds this polarization as evidence not of dysfunctional government so much as simply a period of unavoidable conflict within an otherwise robust democracy.
A painstakingly methodical, exhausting process to conclude that there is really nothing to worry about.Pub Date: Aug. 1, 2016
ISBN: 978-0-691-17216-3
Page Count: 336
Publisher: Princeton Univ.
Review Posted Online: May 3, 2016
Kirkus Reviews Issue: May 15, 2016
This moving, potent testament might have been titled “Black Lives Matter.” Or: “An American Tragedy.”
The powerful story of a father’s past and a son’s future.
Atlantic senior writer Coates (The Beautiful Struggle: A Father, Two Sons, and an Unlikely Road to Manhood, 2008) offers this eloquent memoir as a letter to his teenage son, bearing witness to his own experiences and conveying passionate hopes for his son’s life. “I am wounded,” he writes. “I am marked by old codes, which shielded me in one world and then chained me in the next.” Coates grew up in the tough neighborhood of West Baltimore, beaten into obedience by his father. “I was a capable boy, intelligent and well-liked,” he remembers, “but powerfully afraid.” His life changed dramatically at Howard University, where his father taught and from which several siblings graduated. Howard, he writes, “had always been one of the most critical gathering posts for black people.” He calls it The Mecca, and its faculty and his fellow students expanded his horizons, helping him to understand “that the black world was its own thing, more than a photo-negative of the people who believe they are white.” Coates refers repeatedly to whites’ insistence on their exclusive racial identity; he realizes now “that nothing so essentialist as race” divides people, but rather “the actual injury done by people intent on naming us, intent on believing that what they have named matters more than anything we could ever actually do.” After he married, the author’s world widened again in New York, and later in Paris, where he finally felt extricated from white America’s exploitative, consumerist dreams. He came to understand that “race” does not fully explain “the breach between the world and me,” yet race exerts a crucial force, and young blacks like his son are vulnerable and endangered by “majoritarian bandits.” Coates desperately wants his son to be able to live “apart from fear—even apart from me.”
This moving, potent testament might have been titled “Black Lives Matter.” Or: “An American Tragedy.”Pub Date: July 8, 2015
ISBN: 978-0-8129-9354-7
Page Count: 176
Publisher: Spiegel & Grau
Review Posted Online: May 5, 2015
Kirkus Reviews Issue: July 1, 2015
BOOK REVIEW
BOOK REVIEW
SEEN & HEARD
BOOK TO SCREEN
BOOK TO SCREEN
A moving meditation on mortality by a gifted writer whose dual perspectives of physician and patient provide a singular...
A neurosurgeon with a passion for literature tragically finds his perfect subject after his diagnosis of terminal lung cancer.
Writing isn’t brain surgery, but it’s rare when someone adept at the latter is also so accomplished at the former. Searching for meaning and purpose in his life, Kalanithi pursued a doctorate in literature and had felt certain that he wouldn’t enter the field of medicine, in which his father and other members of his family excelled. “But I couldn’t let go of the question,” he writes, after realizing that his goals “didn’t quite fit in an English department.” “Where did biology, morality, literature and philosophy intersect?” So he decided to set aside his doctoral dissertation and belatedly prepare for medical school, which “would allow me a chance to find answers that are not in books, to find a different sort of sublime, to forge relationships with the suffering, and to keep following the question of what makes human life meaningful, even in the face of death and decay.” The author’s empathy undoubtedly made him an exceptional doctor, and the precision of his prose—as well as the moral purpose underscoring it—suggests that he could have written a good book on any subject he chose. Part of what makes this book so essential is the fact that it was written under a death sentence following the diagnosis that upended his life, just as he was preparing to end his residency and attract offers at the top of his profession. Kalanithi learned he might have 10 years to live or perhaps five. Should he return to neurosurgery (he could and did), or should he write (he also did)? Should he and his wife have a baby? They did, eight months before he died, which was less than two years after the original diagnosis. “The fact of death is unsettling,” he understates. “Yet there is no other way to live.”
A moving meditation on mortality by a gifted writer whose dual perspectives of physician and patient provide a singular clarity.Pub Date: Jan. 19, 2016
ISBN: 978-0-8129-8840-6
Page Count: 248
Publisher: Random House
Review Posted Online: Sept. 29, 2015
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Oct. 15, 2015
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