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THE WEALTH OF MAN

Huge nuggets of macroeconomics, some skillfully refined and some not.

An ambitious and erratic economic history of the world, from the Fertile Crescent to the current success of Chinese pragmatism.

Jay, the BBC’s economics editor, comes up short in his attempt to write a plain and vivid narrative of economic growth. His breathless rush through mankind’s beginnings and his confusing use of “kya”(1,000 years ago) instead of the standard “b.c.” mar the opening pages. Agricultural life, he tells us, began with a decline of huntable animals and climatic changes; farming led to villages. The Mesopotamian civilizations preceded the Egyptians (around 7000 b.c.), and they all declined around 1000 b.c. for unknown reasons. Coins appeared in Greece around 650 b.c. and were used to pay Alexander’s armies. The Romans created wealth by permitting most individuals to seek profits, and by building superb roads, before they succumbed to measles, smallpox, and barbarians in the third century a.d. With the decline of the Empire, Jay looks to the East. Advanced navigational skills (supported by a superior mathematics that made use of the numeral zero and base-ten calculation) stimulated Indian trade. Arabia flourished next: the Koran supported business, and Islamic entrepreneurs made improvements in textiles, medicine, and papermaking, and a banking system centered in Baghdad financed a thriving economy until the plague arrived in the 14th century. The author’s rapid jumps between topics and locations undermine his wide knowledge; he repeatedly jams economic history into a “waltz” metaphor (a one-two-three, one-two-three of growth, predation, and attempted defense) that distorts as much as it simplifies. The best sections cover globalization in the 16th century and the Industrial Revolution of 1730–1820. Portugal and Spain controlled the seas with advances in shipbuilding, sails and cannons. In the 1600s, the Dutch supplanted the Iberian countries with more capital and less government. After reviewing inventions, a transfer of labor from agriculture to industry, slavery, and rising incomes, the author concludes that the Industrial Revolution remains inexplicable. He zips through the world wars, Communism, and the Great Depression before casting his forecast of the future.

Huge nuggets of macroeconomics, some skillfully refined and some not.

Pub Date: Oct. 1, 2000

ISBN: 1-891620-67-3

Page Count: 400

Publisher: PublicAffairs

Review Posted Online: May 19, 2010

Kirkus Reviews Issue: Sept. 1, 2000

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THE CULTURE MAP

BREAKING THROUGH THE INVISIBLE BOUNDARIES OF GLOBAL BUSINESS

These are not hard and fast rules, but Meyer delivers important reading for those engaged in international business.

A helpful guide to working effectively with people from other cultures.

“The sad truth is that the vast majority of managers who conduct business internationally have little understanding about how culture is impacting their work,” writes Meyer, a professor at INSEAD, an international business school. Yet they face a wider array of work styles than ever before in dealing with clients, suppliers and colleagues from around the world. When is it best to speak or stay quiet? What is the role of the leader in the room? When working with foreign business people, failing to take cultural differences into account can lead to frustration, misunderstanding or worse. Based on research and her experiences teaching cross-cultural behaviors to executive students, the author examines a handful of key areas. Among others, they include communicating (Anglo-Saxons are explicit; Asians communicate implicitly, requiring listeners to read between the lines), developing a sense of trust (Brazilians do it over long lunches), and decision-making (Germans rely on consensus, Americans on one decider). In each area, the author provides a “culture map scale” that positions behaviors in more than 20 countries along a continuum, allowing readers to anticipate the preferences of individuals from a particular country: Do they like direct or indirect negative feedback? Are they rigid or flexible regarding deadlines? Do they favor verbal or written commitments? And so on. Meyer discusses managers who have faced perplexing situations, such as knowledgeable team members who fail to speak up in meetings or Indians who offer a puzzling half-shake, half-nod of the head. Cultural differences—not personality quirks—are the motivating factors behind many behavioral styles. Depending on our cultures, we understand the world in a particular way, find certain arguments persuasive or lacking merit, and consider some ways of making decisions or measuring time natural and others quite strange.

These are not hard and fast rules, but Meyer delivers important reading for those engaged in international business.

Pub Date: May 27, 2014

ISBN: 978-1-61039-250-1

Page Count: 288

Publisher: PublicAffairs

Review Posted Online: April 15, 2014

Kirkus Reviews Issue: May 1, 2014

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GOOD ECONOMICS FOR HARD TIMES

Occasionally wonky but overall a good case for how the dismal science can make the world less—well, dismal.

“Quality of life means more than just consumption”: Two MIT economists urge that a smarter, more politically aware economics be brought to bear on social issues.

It’s no secret, write Banerjee and Duflo (co-authors: Poor Economics: A Radical Rethinking of the Way To Fight Global Poverty, 2011), that “we seem to have fallen on hard times.” Immigration, trade, inequality, and taxation problems present themselves daily, and they seem to be intractable. Economics can be put to use in figuring out these big-issue questions. Data can be adduced, for example, to answer the question of whether immigration tends to suppress wages. The answer: “There is no evidence low-skilled migration to rich countries drives wage and employment down for the natives.” In fact, it opens up opportunities for those natives by freeing them to look for better work. The problem becomes thornier when it comes to the matter of free trade; as the authors observe, “left-behind people live in left-behind places,” which explains why regional poverty descended on Appalachia when so many manufacturing jobs left for China in the age of globalism, leaving behind not just left-behind people but also people ripe for exploitation by nationalist politicians. The authors add, interestingly, that the same thing occurred in parts of Germany, Spain, and Norway that fell victim to the “China shock.” In what they call a “slightly technical aside,” they build a case for addressing trade issues not with trade wars but with consumption taxes: “It makes no sense to ask agricultural workers to lose their jobs just so steelworkers can keep theirs, which is what tariffs accomplish.” Policymakers might want to consider such counsel, especially when it is coupled with the observation that free trade benefits workers in poor countries but punishes workers in rich ones.

Occasionally wonky but overall a good case for how the dismal science can make the world less—well, dismal.

Pub Date: Nov. 12, 2019

ISBN: 978-1-61039-950-0

Page Count: 432

Publisher: PublicAffairs

Review Posted Online: Aug. 28, 2019

Kirkus Reviews Issue: Sept. 15, 2019

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