TWO SHIPS

An exploration of the contending cultures of North and South, long before the Civil War began.

At the time of the Civil War, speakers and writers on both sides of the divide were fond of evoking the example of the two ships of Reynolds’ title. One was the White Lion, a British privateer that in 1619 seized a cargo of enslaved Africans from a Portuguese ship and took them to Virginia to be sold as chattel. The second was the Mayflower, which, a year later, brought Puritan colonists to chartered lands in Massachusetts. It’s something of an irony, as Reynolds writes, that the early Puritans “showed little antislavery sentiment,” and indeed, it was Oliver Cromwell who seized Jamaica and turned it into one vast slave plantation. Still, the two colonial regions were very different. As Reynolds notes, borrowing an aperçu from a fellow historian, “the North was a society with slaves, while the South was a slave society.” Drawing in turn on the seminal work of historian David Hackett Fischer, Reynolds charts the differences: The South was governed by the descendants of monarchists, given to a rigid system of social classes and inclined to leisure, while New England was populated by people of a resolutely democratic bent and the firm belief that “the only monarch…was Christ.” (It’s another irony, as Reynolds notes in passing, that both Virginia and the Plymouth Colony were administratively founded by the same man: the British entrepreneur Robert Rich.) The Puritans may have been slow to come around to opposing slavery, but of course they did, setting those two ships on an inevitable collision course. Indeed, as Reynolds also observes, it was the Puritans’ insistence on defending the rights of ordinary people of whatever race that the abolitionist cause flourished, with the Mayflower coming to be seen as “a driver of radical causes.”

A welcome revisitation of an old but entirely appropriate trope in early American history.