THE RELIGIOUS REVOLUTION

Sprawling history of “an age that believed in the infinite advance of knowledge, endured the infinite emptiness of a universe without purpose, and succored a pantheon of new gods.”

Beginning with Emerson’s famed address to Harvard Divinity School in 1838—in which the philosopher “deliberately provoked the divines by contrasting ‘the Church with the Soul,’ and in a manner reflecting dimly on the Church and radiantly on the Soul”—Green explores the manifold ways in which traditional Western religion was challenged in the decades that followed by advances in science, contact with other cultures, social and political challenges, and the sheer power of individual personalities. “This is the age of the Religious Revolution,” he writes. “It is also the age of science and race. This is the age of the Religious Revolution because it is the age of science and race.” Indeed, science and race, in their broadest definitions, undergird most of this history, as Western intellectuals and spiritual leaders grappled with everything from Darwin’s theory of evolution to growing obsessions with the culture of India. Spiritualism, “the West’s first post-Christian faith,” plays an important part in this story, but only a part. More broadly, Green delivers a history of the 19th-century revolt against tradition, when feminism began to find its voice and both sexuality and socialism became more mainstream. These and many other changes found corollaries in the spiritual lives of intellectuals, especially, but regular folks as well. The author offers us intriguing glimpses into the lives, work, and interactions of such leading lights as Thoreau, Whitman, Marx, Baudelaire, and Freud, to name just a few. Green’s reach is perhaps too ambitious, and his prose and storytelling style are sometimes overheated. Still, his book is an interesting examination of how nascent globalism and resentful political machinations affected the spiritual tenor of the 19th century and laid the groundwork for movements in the 20th century.

A hefty, erudite examination of a crucial turning point in modern history.