SMASHING STATUES

An art historian digs into a contentious subject.

Thompson, a professor of art crime at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice, offers a probing examination of the meaning of public monuments, long a vexed issue for Americans from the time that colonists beheaded a statue of King George III. Throughout the nation’s history, the author argues persuasively, powerful White Americans have erected monuments to underscore their authority and support their own interests. “Eighty-five percent of the more than four hundred Confederate monuments erected from 1886 to 1912 were in public spaces other than cemeteries,” writes Thompson. Not all of them featured war heroes. “By far the most common choice for Civil War monuments,” Thompson reveals, was “an anonymous, low-ranking soldier in parade rest,” conveying a message that obedience was crucial for Whites to prevail. Besides considering the overt messages of some prominent monuments, Thompson investigates the historical context and the artists’ beliefs, revealing some discomfiting facts. For example, a bronze statue entitled Freedom, located in the U.S. Capitol, was made by a slave owner and cast by one of his slaves. Stone Mountain, a vast monument in Georgia, was the product of the angry, paranoid sculptor Gutzon Borglum, for whom it was a moneymaking scam. A statue of Columbus featuring a “straight nose and strong jaw, was a visual argument for the whiteness—and therefore, the Americanness—of the artist’s fellow Italian Americans.” Thompson also discusses the recent protests and the fates of monuments that have been toppled or removed. Since those protests began, bills proposed in 18 states “would increase the criminal penalties for damaging a monument.” Furthermore, most monuments have been either moved or placed in storage to be erected in the future. “Shuffling statues around our cities is like moving an abusive priest to another parish,” Thompson asserts. Besides removing monuments, she suggests, new ones must be added to reflect the values—and the history—that Americans want to honor.

A well-informed, often surprising, history of public veneration.