THE SELF DELUSION

A fresh look at the relationship between our brains and self-identity.

Scientists call consciousness the “hard problem” because other brain functions are easy by comparison. Berns, a professor of psychology at Emory University and author of How Dogs Love Us and What It’s Like To Be a Dog, delivers an expert and thoroughly satisfying exploration of this specific area of neuroscience. As the author points out, everyone identifies themselves via memories strung together with the stories we absorb to link the memories together. “The development of memory has received the lion’s share of attention from researchers,” writes Berns, “but a few psychologists have dedicated their careers to the equally interesting study of how children tell stories.” The brain enters the world in a rudimentary state. No one remembers their birth, and the infant brain stores no memories for its first two years, after which high-arousal events like deaths can make an impression. By age 4, the memory region of the brain, the hippocampus, is almost fully functional. Berns reminds readers that the brain evolved for survival, not accuracy. Despite resources vastly superior to those of a computer, it is incapable of taking in every perception, let alone recording them all. It takes shortcuts, inventing stories about the world based on past experience (“schemas”). Encountering something that doesn’t fit an existing schema, we may change the memory to make it fit or perhaps not remember it at all. “Who you think you are—your notion of ‘self’—is a mere cartoon, just as your notions of other people are cartoon versions of them,” writes the author. Berns ably blends scientific literature with his accounts of his interviews with experts in a variety of fields to make a compelling case that our identities, as well as our perceptions of the world, are ever changing narratives based on highly selective evidence.

Not a solution to the “hard problem,” but an ingenious account of how the brain creates ourselves and our world.