VALCOUR
The 1776 Campaign That Saved the Cause of Liberty
by Jack Kelly
An expert chronicle of an early Revolutionary War operation that deserves to be better known. Journalist and historian Kelly reminds readers that the summer of 1776 saw the end of the rebels’ first major campaign, and it wasn’t led by Washington, who was then engaged in his disastrous Long Island battles. A year earlier, a two-pronged American invasion of Canada had captured Montreal before disintegrating in the face of resistance, disease, and brutal winter weather. In June 1776, the miserable soldiers retreated to the Lake Champlain area. Few doubted that the victorious Canadians, reinforced by newly arrived British regiments, would follow. Breaking through the lake’s defenses, including the decrepit Fort Ticonderoga, would open the road to the Hudson River and the heart of the Colonies. The author describes four months of frantic activity around the lake, culminating in the October 1776 naval battle off Valcour Island in Lake Champlain. Led by Benedict Arnold, who “exerted his authority by means of a steely will, a profane tongue, and a hot temper,” the inferior American forces were overwhelmed after a brutal battle. However, the onset of winter persuaded the British to withdraw and return the following spring, when they met disaster in the form of a reinforced opponent at the Battle of Saratoga. Most historians agree that Valcour was a decisive campaign and that the three generals responsible (Philip Schuyler, Horatio Gates, and Arnold) performed well—even though all ended the war in disgrace. As in Band of Giants (2014), Kelly demonstrates his firm grasp of the period’s history and characters. Not content with biographies of the major figures and a fine account of the preparations and battle, he ably describes the military culture of the times, the self-defeating politics of the Continental Congress, the design and operation of the various ships, and the tactical problems of fighting on lakes versus the ocean.
A boon for fans of Revolutionary-era military history.