EINSTEIN'S TUTOR

An overlooked scientist gets her due.

In his debut book, Phillips celebrates a German Jewish mathematician whose groundbreaking eponymous theorem was “one of the, if not the, single most important result in theoretical physics.” Emmy Noether (1882-1935) grew up in an era of German history when women had few rights. The daughter of a mathematician, she audited courses at “the [world’s] center of mathematics,” Göttingen University, and then at the University of Erlangen. She earned a doctorate in 1907. Unable to secure an academic position, however, she worked as her father’s unpaid assistant, even teaching his classes while publishing her own research, becoming an “expert in something called the theory of differential invariants.” Throughout the book, the author delves deeply into the insular world of mathematics. After Noether returned to Göttingen, Einstein arrived. He benefited from brilliant colleagues, including Noether, even though, Phillips notes, they may not have met. He did express gratitude for her “tutelage” in correspondence. In fact, Noether often assisted others without any interest in credit. She “was a mathematician’s mathematician, believing that mathematics should be enjoyed for its own sake, without any thought of application,” and her elegant 1918 paper “reached a new understanding of the beauty and harmony found in nature” and had “important implications for cosmology.” In 1922, writes the author, “the Minister of Science, Art and Public Education…promoted her to the lowest professorial rank.” After Noether was purged by the ascendant Nazis, she went to Bryn Mawr, where she worked with graduate students, conducted her own research, and traveled weekly to Princeton’s Institute of Advanced Study to deliver a lecture. Following her death, mathematical societies around the world held memorials. The text is dry and mathematically overwhelming at times, but the author duly highlights Noether’s impressive achievements.

An accessible, fairly workmanlike biography.