THE ALLURE OF THE MULTIVERSE

The author of Einstein’s Dice and Schrödinger’s Cat returns with another examination of difficult scientific concepts.

Halpern, a Guggenheim fellow and professor of physics at Saint Joseph’s University, begins by introducing the James Webb Space Telescope, launched in late 2021, whose instruments reach “faint, distant galaxies from the nascent era of the universe” and send back “vivid photo evidence.” By definition, our universe includes everything, so an “alternative” universe makes no sense; no one will ever see one. Yet multiverse models offer enticing mathematical and theoretical ideas. Such concepts were no secret to 19th-century mathematicians, but they entered the mainstream in the 20th when the physics community reluctantly accepted a fourth dimension to make sense of Einstein’s relativity. Then, scientists confronted quantum theory, which works so brilliantly, at least theoretically, that the traditional view (propounded by quantum pioneer Niels Bohr) requires physicists to accept that quantum phenomena occur in a “black box.” Although this remains the standard interpretation, plenty of geniuses yearn to look inside the box. A dedicated teacher, Halpern explores half a dozen relevant topics including string theory, supergravity, and M-theory. Readers anxious to plunge ahead may want to reserve their decision until they sample the author’s explanation of a simple high school physics term: the vector. Halpern’s analysis is not for the innumerate, but dedicated readers will be rewarded by illuminating discussions of a host of complex concepts, a penultimate chapter on the physics of time travel, and a conclusion that describes alternate universes portrayed in movies and TV. Halpern’s 2021 book, Flashes of Creation: George Gamow, Fred Hoyle, and the Great Big Bang Debate, is a delightful and accessible popular science book. This follow-up is an ingenious slog that may enlighten those with college courses in relativity and quantum theory under their belts.

Cutting-edge physics for the educated layperson.