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MIDNIGHT'S BORDERS

A PEOPLE'S HISTORY OF MODERN INDIA

Dozens of powerful, intimate stories of people affected traumatically by India’s expedient geopolitical borders.

A viewpoint of modern India via a seven-year, 9,000-mile journey along its many borders. An India-born barrister, journalist, and photographer who worked for the U.N. war crimes tribunal in Yugoslavia and Rwanda before founding the Resettlement Legal Aid project in Cairo, Vijayan spent years interviewing stateless refugees around the entire border of India. She uses those stories to create a candid and heartbreaking work of exposé journalism. “The journey was…a return home,” she writes. “But after being away for more than a decade, I was coming back to a place I no longer recognized. I wanted to understand ‘my country,’ and I wanted to make sense of the ongoing violence at its borders, the debates over nationalism, citizenship, and the unanswered questions about belonging. I traveled to the frayed edges of the republic to meet the people who inhabit the margins of the state and to study the human toll of decades of aggressive, territorial nationalism.” Vijayan incisively shows how the lives of countless people are governed by often arbitrary borders created by imperialists who knew nothing of the ethnic makeup of the regions. She divides the book into five main sections, delineated along specific borders: the Afghanistan-Pakistan border, created by the looming Russian threat to British control of India in 1893, also known as the Durand Line; the India-Bangladesh border, another “contested colonial inheritance”; the India-China border; the India-Myanmar border; and the India-Pakistan border, “one of the most complex, violent, and dangerous boundaries in the world.” Each carries deep traumatic memories of India’s creation in 1947, and Vijayan is adept at teasing out the fraught, complicated social, political, and spiritual dynamics at play in each region. In the wake of Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s reelection in May 2019, writes the author, “the government has aggressively implemented policies that seek to remake India into a Hindu nation,” thus again disenfranchising millions. Dozens of powerful, intimate stories of people affected traumatically by India’s expedient geopolitical borders.

Pub Date: Feb. 23, 2021

ISBN: 978-1-61219-858-3

Page Count: 304

Publisher: Melville House

Review Posted Online: Jan. 6, 2021

Kirkus Reviews Issue: Feb. 1, 2021

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POVERTY, BY AMERICA

A clearly delineated guide to finally eradicate poverty in America.

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A thoughtful program for eradicating poverty from the Pulitzer Prize–winning author of Evicted.

“America’s poverty is not for lack of resources,” writes Desmond. “We lack something else.” That something else is compassion, in part, but it’s also the lack of a social system that insists that everyone pull their weight—and that includes the corporations and wealthy individuals who, the IRS estimates, get away without paying upward of $1 trillion per year. Desmond, who grew up in modest circumstances and suffered poverty in young adulthood, points to the deleterious effects of being poor—among countless others, the precarity of health care and housing (with no meaningful controls on rent), lack of transportation, the constant threat of losing one’s job due to illness, and the need to care for dependent children. It does not help, Desmond adds, that so few working people are represented by unions or that Black Americans, even those who have followed the “three rules” (graduate from high school, get a full-time job, wait until marriage to have children), are far likelier to be poor than their White compatriots. Furthermore, so many full-time jobs are being recast as contracted, fire-at-will gigs, “not a break from the norm as much as an extension of it, a continuation of corporations finding new ways to limit their obligations to workers.” By Desmond’s reckoning, besides amending these conditions, it would not take a miracle to eliminate poverty: about $177 billion, which would help end hunger and homelessness and “make immense headway in driving down the many agonizing correlates of poverty, like violence, sickness, and despair.” These are matters requiring systemic reform, which will in turn require Americans to elect officials who will enact that reform. And all of us, the author urges, must become “poverty abolitionists…refusing to live as unwitting enemies of the poor.” Fortune 500 CEOs won’t like Desmond’s message for rewriting the social contract—which is precisely the point.

A clearly delineated guide to finally eradicate poverty in America.

Pub Date: March 21, 2023

ISBN: 9780593239919

Page Count: 288

Publisher: Crown

Review Posted Online: Nov. 30, 2022

Kirkus Reviews Issue: Jan. 1, 2023

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WHO'S AFRAID OF GENDER?

A master class in how gender has been weaponized in support of conservative values and authoritarian regimes.

A deeply informed critique of the malicious initiatives currently using gender as a political tool to arouse fear and strengthen political and religious institutions.

In their latest book, following The Force of Nonviolence, Butler, the noted philosopher and gender studies scholar, documents and debunks the anti-gender ideology of the right, the core principle of which is that male and female are natural categories whose recognition is essential for the survival of the family, nations, and patriarchal order. Its proponents reject “sex” as a malleable category infused with prior political and cultural understandings. By turning gender into a “phantasmatic scene,” they enable those in positions of authority to deflect attention from such world-destroying forces as war, predatory capitalism, and climate change. Butler explores the ideology’s presence in the U.S., the U.K., Uganda, and Hungary, countries where legislation has limited the rights of trans and homosexual people and denied them their sexual identity. The author also delves into the ideology’s roots among Evangelicals and the Catholic Church and such political leaders as Donald Trump and Viktor Orbán. Butler is particularly bothered by trans-exclusionary radical feminists (TERFs), who treat trans women as “male predators in disguise.” For the author, “the gap between the perceived or lived body and prevailing social norms can never be fully closed.” They imagine “a world where the many relations to being socially embodied that exist become more livable” and calls for alliances across differences and “a radical democracy informed by socialist values.” Butler compensates for the thinness of some of their recommendations with an astute dissection of the ideology’s core ideas and impressive grasp of its intellectual pretensions. This is a wonderfully thoughtful and impassioned book on a critically important centerpiece of contemporary authoritarianism and patriarchy.

A master class in how gender has been weaponized in support of conservative values and authoritarian regimes.

Pub Date: March 19, 2024

ISBN: 9780374608224

Page Count: 320

Publisher: Farrar, Straus and Giroux

Review Posted Online: Dec. 5, 2023

Kirkus Reviews Issue: Jan. 1, 2024

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