THE UNFINISHED CITY

Collection of distinct but companionable articles by Bender (Humanities/NYU) assessing New York City as a multiplicity of public places and institutions in flux and very much sui generis.

New York, the author finds, sits outside the metropolitan idea. Unlike Paris or Vienna, it has not assumed national centrality and leadership in political and cultural matters; it doesn’t realize and standardize the best hopes for the American polity. This, he figures, is because the city is continually in the making: unresolved, or resolved only temporarily. In its physical development and social organization it refuses a single logic, preferring a self-fashioned pluralism that is pragmatic, unpredictable, nonhierarchical. “The center has never held firmly in New York,” Bender writes. “It has been continually undermined by fragmentation of the elite and by manifold rebellions.” That has consequences for better and worse. Aspiringly democratic, polyvalent, and vibrant in architecture, politics, and art, the city is a place where, as Virgil Thomson observed, one group could argue “esthetics with intelligence and politics with a passion” while the other discussed “esthetics with passion and politics with intelligence.” But New York lacks an image of itself as a collectivity; it has no representative institutions and lacks a civic culture in which “the public space is the terrain of the public as visual representation, while institutions provide a place for representative political deliberation.” Bender (Intellect and Public Life, not reviewed, etc.) brings wide-ranging curiosity, literacy, and experience in urban matters to the question of New York, from the iconography of the Brooklyn Bridge and its role in urban reconfiguration to the dialectical relationship between the city's horizontal, civic impulses and its vertical, corporate ones. There are persistent issues, including the city's racial divisions, but “New York's character is to be incomplete.”

A meaty and satisfying look at a great city, its multiple environments, and their unending transformations. (b&w photos throughout)