A cogent, well-supported analysis and hopeful, if idealistic, suggestion for change.
A study of how economic inequality affects individuals’ self-perception and community life.
Drawing on recent peer-reviewed research in the U.S. and U.K., British researchers Wilkinson (Emeritus, Epidemiology/Univ. of Nottingham Medical School) and Pickett (Research Champion for Justice and Equality/Univ. of York) expand on and update the argument they put forth in their previous book, The Spirit Level (2009). In the first seven chapters, they analyze the psychological and social consequences of inequality, primarily self-doubt and social anxiety, which they find most prevalent in the two nations where inequality is greatest: the U.S. and the U.K. To deal with these two pervasive and debilitating effects, individuals develop strategies such as narcissism and self-aggrandizement, self-medication with drugs and alcohol, and consumerism “in an attempt to create a positive image of themselves.” They may also become convinced that inequality is caused by meritocracy—inherent ability or hard work—thereby absolving themselves of responsibility for questioning social hierarchy. The authors cite “a widespread but largely false belief that people’s social status reflects their individual genetic endowments of cognitive ability,” when studies show that success is largely determined by parental social status. They also underscore the “increased social evaluative threat” generated by inequality: As people fear shame and distress because of what they imagine others think of them, they become distrustful and, “more worried about appearances and giving the wrong impression,” withdraw from community life and political participation. Making a strong case that “inequality is divisive and socially corrosive,” the authors assert that greater equality and environmental sustainability can be achieved by instituting changes such as employee representation on corporate boards and in legislative processes and an increase in cooperatives and employee-owned businesses to ensure that democracy is extended into the economic sphere. They acknowledge, however, that such developments will meet with resistance from CEOs, shareholders, and politicians with ties to the wealthy. Progressive politicians, therefore, must advocate this “major step in human progress.”
A cogent, well-supported analysis and hopeful, if idealistic, suggestion for change.Pub Date: Jan. 22, 2019
ISBN: 978-0-525-56122-4
Page Count: 352
Publisher: Penguin Press
Review Posted Online: Oct. 22, 2018
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Nov. 15, 2018
BOOK REVIEW
A moving meditation on mortality by a gifted writer whose dual perspectives of physician and patient provide a singular...
A neurosurgeon with a passion for literature tragically finds his perfect subject after his diagnosis of terminal lung cancer.
Writing isn’t brain surgery, but it’s rare when someone adept at the latter is also so accomplished at the former. Searching for meaning and purpose in his life, Kalanithi pursued a doctorate in literature and had felt certain that he wouldn’t enter the field of medicine, in which his father and other members of his family excelled. “But I couldn’t let go of the question,” he writes, after realizing that his goals “didn’t quite fit in an English department.” “Where did biology, morality, literature and philosophy intersect?” So he decided to set aside his doctoral dissertation and belatedly prepare for medical school, which “would allow me a chance to find answers that are not in books, to find a different sort of sublime, to forge relationships with the suffering, and to keep following the question of what makes human life meaningful, even in the face of death and decay.” The author’s empathy undoubtedly made him an exceptional doctor, and the precision of his prose—as well as the moral purpose underscoring it—suggests that he could have written a good book on any subject he chose. Part of what makes this book so essential is the fact that it was written under a death sentence following the diagnosis that upended his life, just as he was preparing to end his residency and attract offers at the top of his profession. Kalanithi learned he might have 10 years to live or perhaps five. Should he return to neurosurgery (he could and did), or should he write (he also did)? Should he and his wife have a baby? They did, eight months before he died, which was less than two years after the original diagnosis. “The fact of death is unsettling,” he understates. “Yet there is no other way to live.”
A moving meditation on mortality by a gifted writer whose dual perspectives of physician and patient provide a singular clarity.Pub Date: Jan. 19, 2016
ISBN: 978-0-8129-8840-6
Page Count: 248
Publisher: Random House
Review Posted Online: Sept. 29, 2015
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Oct. 15, 2015
Occasionally wonky but overall a good case for how the dismal science can make the world less—well, dismal.
“Quality of life means more than just consumption”: Two MIT economists urge that a smarter, more politically aware economics be brought to bear on social issues.
It’s no secret, write Banerjee and Duflo (co-authors: Poor Economics: A Radical Rethinking of the Way To Fight Global Poverty, 2011), that “we seem to have fallen on hard times.” Immigration, trade, inequality, and taxation problems present themselves daily, and they seem to be intractable. Economics can be put to use in figuring out these big-issue questions. Data can be adduced, for example, to answer the question of whether immigration tends to suppress wages. The answer: “There is no evidence low-skilled migration to rich countries drives wage and employment down for the natives.” In fact, it opens up opportunities for those natives by freeing them to look for better work. The problem becomes thornier when it comes to the matter of free trade; as the authors observe, “left-behind people live in left-behind places,” which explains why regional poverty descended on Appalachia when so many manufacturing jobs left for China in the age of globalism, leaving behind not just left-behind people but also people ripe for exploitation by nationalist politicians. The authors add, interestingly, that the same thing occurred in parts of Germany, Spain, and Norway that fell victim to the “China shock.” In what they call a “slightly technical aside,” they build a case for addressing trade issues not with trade wars but with consumption taxes: “It makes no sense to ask agricultural workers to lose their jobs just so steelworkers can keep theirs, which is what tariffs accomplish.” Policymakers might want to consider such counsel, especially when it is coupled with the observation that free trade benefits workers in poor countries but punishes workers in rich ones.
Occasionally wonky but overall a good case for how the dismal science can make the world less—well, dismal.Pub Date: Nov. 12, 2019
ISBN: 978-1-61039-950-0
Page Count: 432
Publisher: PublicAffairs
Review Posted Online: Aug. 28, 2019
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Sept. 15, 2019
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