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HOW SCHOOLS WORK

AN INSIDE ACCOUNT OF FAILURE AND SUCCESS FROM ONE OF THE NATION'S LONGEST-SERVING SECRETARIES OF EDUCATION

Duncan’s heart is in the right place—he’s for kids and against lies—but the specifics of his analysis remain open to debate.

The former Secretary of Education makes an impassioned plea for school reform.

Don’t let the blandness of the title fool you. The first chapter is titled “Lies, Lies Everywhere,” and its first sentence is “Education runs on lies.” So who is doing the lying? According to Duncan, pretty much everyone involved with setting and maintaining educational standards or representing teachers or overseeing the buildings or using the issue of education as a political football. “The truth is that we not only don’t value our teachers,” he writes, after suggesting that teachers unions resist educational reform. “It’s that we don’t value our kids.” It’s hard to argue against schools putting kids first, though many of the policies advanced by the author when he was in the cabinet of his fellow Chicagoan, Barack Obama, proved far more contentious. Their program was called Race to the Top, and “it challenged some sacred cows of the left: namely, that the teachers’ unions were loath to cede any power when it came to deciding how to pay, train or evaluate teachers.” It also placed a premium on data for assessment and accountability, though the author’s conversational tone here stresses classroom interaction rather than numbers. He also insists that the emphasis on standardized testing and Common Core standards has been misunderstood, partly because of some communication failures. Education was plainly an Obama priority, and the numbers under Duncan were often impressive, as performance rose and dropouts decreased. Yet there was contention from the left, from unions that are generally considered a Democratic stronghold, and from the right, where Obama faced tea party resistance on practically every front. Those who play politics with education are missing the big picture, he writes: “This is not about test scores, knowledge, or even school. It’s about life.”

Duncan’s heart is in the right place—he’s for kids and against lies—but the specifics of his analysis remain open to debate.

Pub Date: Aug. 7, 2018

ISBN: 978-1-5011-7305-9

Page Count: 240

Publisher: Simon & Schuster

Review Posted Online: June 17, 2018

Kirkus Reviews Issue: July 1, 2018

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WHEN BREATH BECOMES AIR

A moving meditation on mortality by a gifted writer whose dual perspectives of physician and patient provide a singular...

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A neurosurgeon with a passion for literature tragically finds his perfect subject after his diagnosis of terminal lung cancer.

Writing isn’t brain surgery, but it’s rare when someone adept at the latter is also so accomplished at the former. Searching for meaning and purpose in his life, Kalanithi pursued a doctorate in literature and had felt certain that he wouldn’t enter the field of medicine, in which his father and other members of his family excelled. “But I couldn’t let go of the question,” he writes, after realizing that his goals “didn’t quite fit in an English department.” “Where did biology, morality, literature and philosophy intersect?” So he decided to set aside his doctoral dissertation and belatedly prepare for medical school, which “would allow me a chance to find answers that are not in books, to find a different sort of sublime, to forge relationships with the suffering, and to keep following the question of what makes human life meaningful, even in the face of death and decay.” The author’s empathy undoubtedly made him an exceptional doctor, and the precision of his prose—as well as the moral purpose underscoring it—suggests that he could have written a good book on any subject he chose. Part of what makes this book so essential is the fact that it was written under a death sentence following the diagnosis that upended his life, just as he was preparing to end his residency and attract offers at the top of his profession. Kalanithi learned he might have 10 years to live or perhaps five. Should he return to neurosurgery (he could and did), or should he write (he also did)? Should he and his wife have a baby? They did, eight months before he died, which was less than two years after the original diagnosis. “The fact of death is unsettling,” he understates. “Yet there is no other way to live.”

A moving meditation on mortality by a gifted writer whose dual perspectives of physician and patient provide a singular clarity.

Pub Date: Jan. 19, 2016

ISBN: 978-0-8129-8840-6

Page Count: 248

Publisher: Random House

Review Posted Online: Sept. 29, 2015

Kirkus Reviews Issue: Oct. 15, 2015

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GOOD ECONOMICS FOR HARD TIMES

Occasionally wonky but overall a good case for how the dismal science can make the world less—well, dismal.

“Quality of life means more than just consumption”: Two MIT economists urge that a smarter, more politically aware economics be brought to bear on social issues.

It’s no secret, write Banerjee and Duflo (co-authors: Poor Economics: A Radical Rethinking of the Way To Fight Global Poverty, 2011), that “we seem to have fallen on hard times.” Immigration, trade, inequality, and taxation problems present themselves daily, and they seem to be intractable. Economics can be put to use in figuring out these big-issue questions. Data can be adduced, for example, to answer the question of whether immigration tends to suppress wages. The answer: “There is no evidence low-skilled migration to rich countries drives wage and employment down for the natives.” In fact, it opens up opportunities for those natives by freeing them to look for better work. The problem becomes thornier when it comes to the matter of free trade; as the authors observe, “left-behind people live in left-behind places,” which explains why regional poverty descended on Appalachia when so many manufacturing jobs left for China in the age of globalism, leaving behind not just left-behind people but also people ripe for exploitation by nationalist politicians. The authors add, interestingly, that the same thing occurred in parts of Germany, Spain, and Norway that fell victim to the “China shock.” In what they call a “slightly technical aside,” they build a case for addressing trade issues not with trade wars but with consumption taxes: “It makes no sense to ask agricultural workers to lose their jobs just so steelworkers can keep theirs, which is what tariffs accomplish.” Policymakers might want to consider such counsel, especially when it is coupled with the observation that free trade benefits workers in poor countries but punishes workers in rich ones.

Occasionally wonky but overall a good case for how the dismal science can make the world less—well, dismal.

Pub Date: Nov. 12, 2019

ISBN: 978-1-61039-950-0

Page Count: 432

Publisher: PublicAffairs

Review Posted Online: Aug. 28, 2019

Kirkus Reviews Issue: Sept. 15, 2019

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