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THE SOFT CAGE

SURVEILLANCE IN AMERICA

Gives you a good stiff shake.

Forget about the right of privacy and the Fourth Amendment. So writes activist scholar Parenti (Lockdown America, not reviewed) in this informative account of governmental and corporate surveillance in America.

Government spying on its citizenry is nothing new, the author explains, deftly sketching the evolution of surveillance from slave passes to mug books to tracking devices worn by parolees. But its steady growth, the sophistication of its sources and tactics, the infection of overt surveillance by strategies from covert operations, is perhaps a good deal greater than the reader might realize. While the author deploys Foucault and Althusser to help us understand the culture of obedience, the kernel that most readers will find worth gnawing is Justice Brandeis’s plea for “the right to be left alone.” Parenti sharply explores the gray area between protection and invasion of privacy, in particular the way in which fear, patriotic vigor, and pop-cultural nonchalance (witness reality TV) can facilitate political and commercial misuse of the data highway. The sheer scope of surveillance, from smart cards to microchip implants, is, in his view, giving rise to an ultra-trusting, super-obedient postmodern subject for whom the issue of privacy is moot: “Underlying this question of obedience is the implicit assumption that state, corporate, and parental powers are infallible.” Yet, he points out, political and corporate means serve political and corporate ends, and their price tags can be exorbitant: racism, exploitation, manipulation. There is vulnerability in social anonymity, the author acknowledges, but such items as the USA Patriot Act undermine the notional freedoms that distinguish a democracy just as much as the freedom of speech. Parenti presents an argument resting on trust of the individual over the expedience of political and cultural criteria that determine insiders and outsiders. He reminds us that privacy protects, as democracy is meant to, the marginalized, the outcast, and the different.

Gives you a good stiff shake.

Pub Date: Sept. 15, 2003

ISBN: 0-465-05484-6

Page Count: 230

Publisher: Basic Books

Review Posted Online: May 19, 2010

Kirkus Reviews Issue: July 15, 2003

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WHEN BREATH BECOMES AIR

A moving meditation on mortality by a gifted writer whose dual perspectives of physician and patient provide a singular...

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A neurosurgeon with a passion for literature tragically finds his perfect subject after his diagnosis of terminal lung cancer.

Writing isn’t brain surgery, but it’s rare when someone adept at the latter is also so accomplished at the former. Searching for meaning and purpose in his life, Kalanithi pursued a doctorate in literature and had felt certain that he wouldn’t enter the field of medicine, in which his father and other members of his family excelled. “But I couldn’t let go of the question,” he writes, after realizing that his goals “didn’t quite fit in an English department.” “Where did biology, morality, literature and philosophy intersect?” So he decided to set aside his doctoral dissertation and belatedly prepare for medical school, which “would allow me a chance to find answers that are not in books, to find a different sort of sublime, to forge relationships with the suffering, and to keep following the question of what makes human life meaningful, even in the face of death and decay.” The author’s empathy undoubtedly made him an exceptional doctor, and the precision of his prose—as well as the moral purpose underscoring it—suggests that he could have written a good book on any subject he chose. Part of what makes this book so essential is the fact that it was written under a death sentence following the diagnosis that upended his life, just as he was preparing to end his residency and attract offers at the top of his profession. Kalanithi learned he might have 10 years to live or perhaps five. Should he return to neurosurgery (he could and did), or should he write (he also did)? Should he and his wife have a baby? They did, eight months before he died, which was less than two years after the original diagnosis. “The fact of death is unsettling,” he understates. “Yet there is no other way to live.”

A moving meditation on mortality by a gifted writer whose dual perspectives of physician and patient provide a singular clarity.

Pub Date: Jan. 19, 2016

ISBN: 978-0-8129-8840-6

Page Count: 248

Publisher: Random House

Review Posted Online: Sept. 29, 2015

Kirkus Reviews Issue: Oct. 15, 2015

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A PEOPLE'S HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES

For Howard Zinn, long-time civil rights and anti-war activist, history and ideology have a lot in common. Since he thinks that everything is in someone's interest, the historian—Zinn posits—has to figure out whose interests he or she is defining/defending/reconstructing (hence one of his previous books, The Politics of History). Zinn has no doubts about where he stands in this "people's history": "it is a history disrespectful of governments and respectful of people's movements of resistance." So what we get here, instead of the usual survey of wars, presidents, and institutions, is a survey of the usual rebellions, strikes, and protest movements. Zinn starts out by depicting the arrival of Columbus in North America from the standpoint of the Indians (which amounts to their standpoint as constructed from the observations of the Europeans); and, after easily establishing the cultural disharmony that ensued, he goes on to the importation of slaves into the colonies. Add the laborers and indentured servants that followed, plus women and later immigrants, and you have Zinn's amorphous constituency. To hear Zinn tell it, all anyone did in America at any time was to oppress or be oppressed; and so he obscures as much as his hated mainstream historical foes do—only in Zinn's case there is that absurd presumption that virtually everything that came to pass was the work of ruling-class planning: this amounts to one great indictment for conspiracy. Despite surface similarities, this is not a social history, since we get no sense of the fabric of life. Instead of negating the one-sided histories he detests, Zinn has merely reversed the image; the distortion remains.

Pub Date: Jan. 1, 1979

ISBN: 0061965588

Page Count: 772

Publisher: Harper & Row

Review Posted Online: May 26, 2012

Kirkus Reviews Issue: Jan. 1, 1979

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