An expressive history, of interest to students of European history and geopolitics.
A capable recounting of the long, ongoing and perhaps futile struggle to forge a single nation from the many regions, and the many more divided loyalties, of the Italians.
Italy, writes Duggan (Modern Italian History/Univ. of Reading; Francesco Crispi, 1818-1901: From Nation to Nationalism, 2002, etc.), was an idea well before it was a reality, an idea impeded by the fact that much of the peninsula was carved into competing states and would be dominated in the 19th century by foreign powers. Yet, Duggan observes, “Once unleashed in the 1790s, the idea that ‘the people’ constituted the nation and that the nation should be coterminous with the state was a genie of ferocious power.” The idea spread by way of the intelligentsia, with the government of the first Neapolitan Republic made up of “lawyers, clerics, writers, and professors of Greek and botany,” but took its time becoming popular, pressed at the point of the bayonet by anti-Napoleonic guerrillas, Garibaldians and even a few mafiosi turned nationalists. Those who remained mafiosi pure and simple would remain an impediment, particularly in Sicily, which, the Tuscan intellectual Leopoldo Franchetti concluded, should be abandoned and allowed to declare independence. The rise of fascism in the early 20th century gave nationalism a new face and ambitions to expand the nation into an empire along the lines of ancient Rome. The postwar economic boom of the 1960s sowed confusion: Italians of all regions increasingly felt they belonged to one country even as wealth ushered in the “danger of falling back once again into the exaggerated individualism and materialism that the high-minded patriots of the nineteenth century had sought to correct.” As Duggan notes, the collapse of the postwar First Republic in the mid-1990s, marked by the end of the Cold War and the Italian Communist Party and by the rise of Silvio Berlusconi, reintroduced fierce arguments about nationhood, particularly the notion among northerners that their southern compatriots weren’t really Italian and belonged elsewhere, an argument that persists.
An expressive history, of interest to students of European history and geopolitics.Pub Date: April 28, 2008
ISBN: 978-0-618-35367-5
Page Count: 688
Publisher: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Review Posted Online: May 19, 2010
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Feb. 1, 2008
From veteran British popular historian Johnson, an overly exhaustive account of the vigorous and violent growth of several small British colonies into the modern American nation. Although Johnson (The Birth of the Modern, 1991, etc.) purports to present the history of the "American people," his account has an undeniably British orientation; No details can be found here of the cultures of pre-European inhabitants of North America or the history of areas not originally settled by British colonists, such as Louisiana or the Southwest. Johnson divides his account into eight periods, of which some dates seem dubious (one might question dating America's career as a superpower to 1929, the first year of the Great Depression). More troubling, though understandable in a book of this encyclopedic scope, are the author's omissions and occasionally provocative assertions. In his account of the Civil War period, for instance, Johnson fails to discuss the militarily significant Western War, and he asserts, contrary to most accounts and without much apparent authority, that Abraham Lincoln didn't love his wife and didn't like Secretary of State Seward. Johnson traces not only the military, but also the political, social, and cultural history of America. He treats such disparate topics as the poetry of Walt Whitman, the developing role of women in American society, the growth of vast business combinations in the early 20th century, immigration and urbanization, the Vietnam War, and the 1973-74 "putsch against the Executive" (which is what Johnson calls the Watergate scandal). He editorializes on virtually every subject, sometimes controversially. Noting the many problems faced by modern America, Johnson concludes nonetheless that "the story of America is essentially one of difficulties being overcome by intelligence and skill, by faith and strength of purpose, by courage and persistence." A vast tour-de-force of research and writing. Nonetheless, Johnson tries to do too much here, and the overall result is as much of a labor to read as it must have been to write.
Pub Date: March 1, 1998
ISBN: 0-06-016836-6
Page Count: 944
Publisher: HarperCollins
Review Posted Online: May 19, 2010
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Dec. 15, 1997
Occasionally unfocused, but redeems itself by putting a vivid, human face on an unimaginable nightmare.
A ground-level illustration of how the plague ravaged Europe.
For his tenth book, science writer Kelly (Three on the Edge, 1999, etc.) delivers a cultural history of the Black Death based on accounts left by those who witnessed the greatest natural disaster in human history. Spawned somewhere on the steppes of Central Asia, the plague arrived in Europe in 1347, when a Genoese ship carried it to Sicily from a trading post on the Black Sea. Over the next four years, at a time when, as the author notes, “nothing moved faster than the fastest horse,” the disease spread through the entire continent. Eventually, it claimed 25 million lives, one third of the European population. A thermonuclear war would be an equivalent disaster by today's standards, Kelly avers. Much of the narrative depends on the reminiscences of monks, doctors, and other literate people who buried corpses or cared for the sick. As a result, the author has plenty of anecdotes. Common scenes include dogs and children running naked, dirty, and wild through the streets of an empty village, their masters and parents dead; Jews burnt at the stake, scapegoats in a paranoid Christian world; and physicians at the University of Paris consulting the stars to divine cures. These tales give the author opportunities to show Europeans—filthy, malnourished, living in densely packed cities—as easy targets for rats and their plague-bearing fleas. They also allow him to ramble. Kelly has a tendency to lose the trail of the disease in favor of tangents about this or that king, pope, or battle. He returns to his topic only when he shifts to a different country or city in a new chapter, giving the book a haphazard feel. Remarkably, the story ends on a hopeful note. After so many perished, Europe was forced to develop new forms of technology to make up for the labor shortage, laying the groundwork for the modern era.
Occasionally unfocused, but redeems itself by putting a vivid, human face on an unimaginable nightmare.Pub Date: Feb. 1, 2005
ISBN: 0-06-000692-7
Page Count: 384
Publisher: HarperCollins
Review Posted Online: May 19, 2010
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Jan. 1, 2005
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