Though representing a tradition that is now considered old-fashioned, Lévi-Strauss was quite the revolutionary in his day....
Previously ungathered pieces by the eminent French anthropologist, all addressing in some way the vexing question of relativism.
That question, as Lévi-Strauss (The Other Face of the Moon, 2013, etc.) formulated it, goes something like this: the job of the Enlightenment, out of which anthropology grows, is to devise the rules that describe a rational society of the sort that all societies should wish to become. At the same time, relativism “rejects any absolute criterion by which a culture could allow itself to judge different cultures.” Thus, there’s no such thing as an advanced versus a primitive society; thus, as the title suggests, we feast on one another’s flesh even though we’re not supposed to. Relativism does not keep us from contesting matters on cultural grounds, of course: Lévi-Strauss opens with an episode from the war on Christmas, namely a revolt 65-odd years ago in which the good citizens of Dijon, France, hanged the foreign character of Santa Claus from a rafter in the city cathedral. Though the pieces in this collection were published in the Italian newspaper La Repubblica, that doesn’t keep Lévi-Strauss from entering into difficult thickets of thought. With ever an eye on the binary oppositions of structuralism, he notes that the Christmas incident illustrates the functions of society along “a dual rhythm of increased solidarity and exacerbated antagonism.” So much the better if that dual rhythm can be put to work pounding the other, though in the absence of the foreign, homegrown scapegoats will do. Sometimes clearly, sometimes behind layers of technical language, Lévi-Strauss ponders big questions: what does it mean to be “civilized”? What are the “modalities of cannibalism,” and why should we care? Presciently, he observes that even though we supposedly live in a global civilization, that does nothing at all to prevent those cultural collisions—and indeed, it “makes the clash between external differences sharper.”
Though representing a tradition that is now considered old-fashioned, Lévi-Strauss was quite the revolutionary in his day. These varied, smart pieces show why.Pub Date: March 15, 2016
ISBN: 978-0-231-17068-0
Page Count: 160
Publisher: Columbia Univ.
Review Posted Online: Jan. 8, 2016
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Jan. 15, 2016
BOOK REVIEW
BOOK REVIEW
For Howard Zinn, long-time civil rights and anti-war activist, history and ideology have a lot in common. Since he thinks that everything is in someone's interest, the historian—Zinn posits—has to figure out whose interests he or she is defining/defending/reconstructing (hence one of his previous books, The Politics of History). Zinn has no doubts about where he stands in this "people's history": "it is a history disrespectful of governments and respectful of people's movements of resistance." So what we get here, instead of the usual survey of wars, presidents, and institutions, is a survey of the usual rebellions, strikes, and protest movements. Zinn starts out by depicting the arrival of Columbus in North America from the standpoint of the Indians (which amounts to their standpoint as constructed from the observations of the Europeans); and, after easily establishing the cultural disharmony that ensued, he goes on to the importation of slaves into the colonies. Add the laborers and indentured servants that followed, plus women and later immigrants, and you have Zinn's amorphous constituency. To hear Zinn tell it, all anyone did in America at any time was to oppress or be oppressed; and so he obscures as much as his hated mainstream historical foes do—only in Zinn's case there is that absurd presumption that virtually everything that came to pass was the work of ruling-class planning: this amounts to one great indictment for conspiracy. Despite surface similarities, this is not a social history, since we get no sense of the fabric of life. Instead of negating the one-sided histories he detests, Zinn has merely reversed the image; the distortion remains.
Pub Date: Jan. 1, 1979
ISBN: 0061965588
Page Count: 772
Publisher: Harper & Row
Review Posted Online: May 26, 2012
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Jan. 1, 1979
BOOK REVIEW
BOOK REVIEW
BOOK REVIEW
A moving meditation on mortality by a gifted writer whose dual perspectives of physician and patient provide a singular...
A neurosurgeon with a passion for literature tragically finds his perfect subject after his diagnosis of terminal lung cancer.
Writing isn’t brain surgery, but it’s rare when someone adept at the latter is also so accomplished at the former. Searching for meaning and purpose in his life, Kalanithi pursued a doctorate in literature and had felt certain that he wouldn’t enter the field of medicine, in which his father and other members of his family excelled. “But I couldn’t let go of the question,” he writes, after realizing that his goals “didn’t quite fit in an English department.” “Where did biology, morality, literature and philosophy intersect?” So he decided to set aside his doctoral dissertation and belatedly prepare for medical school, which “would allow me a chance to find answers that are not in books, to find a different sort of sublime, to forge relationships with the suffering, and to keep following the question of what makes human life meaningful, even in the face of death and decay.” The author’s empathy undoubtedly made him an exceptional doctor, and the precision of his prose—as well as the moral purpose underscoring it—suggests that he could have written a good book on any subject he chose. Part of what makes this book so essential is the fact that it was written under a death sentence following the diagnosis that upended his life, just as he was preparing to end his residency and attract offers at the top of his profession. Kalanithi learned he might have 10 years to live or perhaps five. Should he return to neurosurgery (he could and did), or should he write (he also did)? Should he and his wife have a baby? They did, eight months before he died, which was less than two years after the original diagnosis. “The fact of death is unsettling,” he understates. “Yet there is no other way to live.”
A moving meditation on mortality by a gifted writer whose dual perspectives of physician and patient provide a singular clarity.Pub Date: Jan. 19, 2016
ISBN: 978-0-8129-8840-6
Page Count: 248
Publisher: Random House
Review Posted Online: Sept. 29, 2015
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Oct. 15, 2015
PERSPECTIVES
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