A lively, clear, and comprehensive survey of who's who and what they're up to in the world of Artificial Intelligence (AI to cognoscenti) from science journalist Freedman. The term ``artificial intelligence'' calls up visions of the advanced computers and human-like robots familiar from hundreds of science fiction movies. The state of the art in AI today is probably best symbolized by Rodney Brooks' robot Attila, a six- inch metal ``cockroach'' scrambling over and around obstacles in the MIT AI labs founded by Marvin Minsky some 30 years ago. Not that the field has stagnated; in fact, the software-oriented approaches explored by Minsky and his fellow pioneers (John McCarthy, Seymour Papert) are considered somewhat old-hat by today's AI researchers, who have branched out into dozens of new directions. Japanese teams, with a mandate to develop a ``sixth generation'' computer, are exploring how living neurons actually transmit information, hoping to build up a detailed ``wiring diagram'' of the human brain. At UCLA, Chuck Taylor and David Jefferson are following an evolutionary strategy: creating computer programs with small random variations, then choosing the most successful in each batch as the ``parents'' for a new generation, in imitation of biological natural selection. Even the ``neural network'' approach to AI, which mechanically emulates the pattern recognition capabilities of the human brain (and which was temporarily discredited by Minsky and Papert in a 1969 critique), has been revived with some success at Stanford and Caltech. All these researchers have made interesting progress; Freedman lucidly summarizes the methods and results of their investigations, as well as the criticisms of such skeptics as John Searle and Roger Penrose. While much remains to be done to match even the more conservative prophecies of AI pioneers such as Minsky, the accomplishments to date, are often fascinating and shed light not only on the future of computers, but on the nature of intelligence itself.
Pub Date: April 1, 1994
ISBN: 0-671-76079-3
Page Count: 256
Publisher: Simon & Schuster
Review Posted Online: May 19, 2010
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Feb. 1, 1994
An intriguing meditation on the nature of the universe and our attempts to understand it that should appeal to both...
Italian theoretical physicist Rovelli (General Relativity: The Most Beautiful of Theories, 2015, etc.) shares his thoughts on the broader scientific and philosophical implications of the great revolution that has taken place over the past century.
These seven lessons, which first appeared as articles in the Sunday supplement of the Italian newspaper Sole 24 Ore, are addressed to readers with little knowledge of physics. In less than 100 pages, the author, who teaches physics in both France and the United States, cogently covers the great accomplishments of the past and the open questions still baffling physicists today. In the first lesson, he focuses on Einstein's theory of general relativity. He describes Einstein's recognition that gravity "is not diffused through space [but] is that space itself" as "a stroke of pure genius." In the second lesson, Rovelli deals with the puzzling features of quantum physics that challenge our picture of reality. In the remaining sections, the author introduces the constant fluctuations of atoms, the granular nature of space, and more. "It is hardly surprising that there are more things in heaven and earth, dear reader, than have been dreamed of in our philosophy—or in our physics,” he writes. Rovelli also discusses the issues raised in loop quantum gravity, a theory that he co-developed. These issues lead to his extraordinary claim that the passage of time is not fundamental but rather derived from the granular nature of space. The author suggests that there have been two separate pathways throughout human history: mythology and the accumulation of knowledge through observation. He believes that scientists today share the same curiosity about nature exhibited by early man.
An intriguing meditation on the nature of the universe and our attempts to understand it that should appeal to both scientists and general readers.Pub Date: March 1, 2016
ISBN: 978-0-399-18441-3
Page Count: 96
Publisher: Riverhead
Review Posted Online: Dec. 7, 2015
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Dec. 15, 2015
BOOK REVIEW
BOOK REVIEW
The Johnstown Flood was one of the greatest natural disasters of all time (actually manmade, since it was precipitated by a wealthy country club dam which had long been the source of justified misgivings). This then is a routine rundown of the catastrophe of May 31st, 1889, the biggest news story since Lincoln's murder in which thousands died. The most interesting incidental: a baby floated unharmed in its cradle for eighty miles.... Perhaps of local interest-but it lacks the Lord-ly touch.
Pub Date: March 18, 1968
ISBN: 0671207148
Page Count: 312
Publisher: Simon & Schuster
Review Posted Online: Oct. 12, 2011
Kirkus Reviews Issue: March 1, 1968
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