A well-argued challenge to educational orthodoxy that calls for a systemic overhaul.
A behavioral scientist suggests improvements for the teaching process.
In this debut education book, Berens challenges pedagogical orthodoxy and argues that all children, including those with neurological differences, can acquire fundamental skills if teachers understand how learning happens and how to measure it. The volume opens with an evaluation of standardized test data that shows how students fail to achieve proficiency and explains how the educational establishment declines to provide most pupils with an environment conducive to learning. The author, drawing on a behavioral science background, sees learning as a pattern of actions, consequences, and responses selected for the desired outcome—praise and encouragement in some cases, tangible rewards in others, with the educator responsible for determining what the student needs. The book explains, with clear examples, how this works in a classroom setting and in broader human development and how contemporary schools can implement the techniques. The volume also addresses the needs of neurodiverse children, arguing that many diagnosed learning disabilities are actually responses to ineffective teaching that can be eliminated through more helpful instruction. Even children with physiological differences can learn in an appropriately designed environment (“The failure to acquire skills results from ineffective instruction, just like for children without disabilities”). Berens is a successful advocate for the behaviorally informed interpretation of the learning process, both explaining the underlying theory and laying out evidence in favor of her arguments. Traditional educators do not come off well in the book’s portrayal, but they are presented as misguided rather than malicious practitioners of a system based on ideology instead of data. While the frequent mentions of the author’s tutoring business can give the text the feeling of an infomercial at times, they also serve to remind readers that the work’s conclusions are based not only on theory, but also on decades of practical experience with a variety of students. The writing is strong and the topic is intriguing, accessible to readers with little prior knowledge of education practices.
A well-argued challenge to educational orthodoxy that calls for a systemic overhaul.Pub Date: Oct. 27, 2020
ISBN: 978-1-951412-09-8
Page Count: 232
Publisher: The Collective Book Studio
Review Posted Online: Oct. 12, 2020
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Nov. 15, 2020
Review Program: Kirkus Indie
Striking research showing the immense complexity of ordinary thought and revealing the identities of the gatekeepers in our...
A psychologist and Nobel Prize winner summarizes and synthesizes the recent decades of research on intuition and systematic thinking.
The author of several scholarly texts, Kahneman (Emeritus Psychology and Public Affairs/Princeton Univ.) now offers general readers not just the findings of psychological research but also a better understanding of how research questions arise and how scholars systematically frame and answer them. He begins with the distinction between System 1 and System 2 mental operations, the former referring to quick, automatic thought, the latter to more effortful, overt thinking. We rely heavily, writes, on System 1, resorting to the higher-energy System 2 only when we need or want to. Kahneman continually refers to System 2 as “lazy”: We don’t want to think rigorously about something. The author then explores the nuances of our two-system minds, showing how they perform in various situations. Psychological experiments have repeatedly revealed that our intuitions are generally wrong, that our assessments are based on biases and that our System 1 hates doubt and despises ambiguity. Kahneman largely avoids jargon; when he does use some (“heuristics,” for example), he argues that such terms really ought to join our everyday vocabulary. He reviews many fundamental concepts in psychology and statistics (regression to the mean, the narrative fallacy, the optimistic bias), showing how they relate to his overall concerns about how we think and why we make the decisions that we do. Some of the later chapters (dealing with risk-taking and statistics and probabilities) are denser than others (some readers may resent such demands on System 2!), but the passages that deal with the economic and political implications of the research are gripping.
Striking research showing the immense complexity of ordinary thought and revealing the identities of the gatekeepers in our minds.Pub Date: Nov. 1, 2011
ISBN: 978-0-374-27563-1
Page Count: 512
Publisher: Farrar, Straus and Giroux
Review Posted Online: Sept. 3, 2011
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Sept. 15, 2011
BOOK REVIEW
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The Stoics did much better with the much shorter Enchiridion.
A follow-on to the author’s garbled but popular 48 Laws of Power, promising that readers will learn how to win friends and influence people, to say nothing of outfoxing all those “toxic types” out in the world.
Greene (Mastery, 2012, etc.) begins with a big sell, averring that his book “is designed to immerse you in all aspects of human behavior and illuminate its root causes.” To gauge by this fat compendium, human behavior is mostly rotten, a presumption that fits with the author’s neo-Machiavellian program of self-validation and eventual strategic supremacy. The author works to formula: First, state a “law,” such as “confront your dark side” or “know your limits,” the latter of which seems pale compared to the Delphic oracle’s “nothing in excess.” Next, elaborate on that law with what might seem to be as plain as day: “Losing contact with reality, we make irrational decisions. That is why our success often does not last.” One imagines there might be other reasons for the evanescence of glory, but there you go. Finally, spin out a long tutelary yarn, seemingly the longer the better, to shore up the truism—in this case, the cometary rise and fall of one-time Disney CEO Michael Eisner, with the warning, “his fate could easily be yours, albeit most likely on a smaller scale,” which ranks right up there with the fortuneteller’s “I sense that someone you know has died" in orders of probability. It’s enough to inspire a new law: Beware of those who spend too much time telling you what you already know, even when it’s dressed up in fresh-sounding terms. “Continually mix the visceral with the analytic” is the language of a consultant’s report, more important-sounding than “go with your gut but use your head, too.”
The Stoics did much better with the much shorter Enchiridion.Pub Date: Oct. 23, 2018
ISBN: 978-0-525-42814-5
Page Count: 580
Publisher: Viking
Review Posted Online: July 30, 2018
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Aug. 15, 2018
BOOK REVIEW
BOOK REVIEW
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