Of interest to military planners as well as workers in the humanitarian aid/NGO sphere.
Sociological exploration of the role of child soldiers in nonstate military operations.
The use of children in combat was once fairly uncommon, but groups such as the Islamic State and the Tamil Tigers have been systematic in putting young people in the field. In some cases, write Bloom (Communication/Georgia State Univ.; Bombshell: Women and Terrorism, 2011, etc.) and Horgan (Global Studies/Georgia State Univ.; The Psychology of Terrorism, 2014, etc.), the children are forced or coerced to bear arms, while in others, their parents sign them up, whether because they are believers in the cause or because, in the case of IS in places like Syria and Iraq, they receive a stipend for it. Sometimes the children are even willing participants. One 13-year-old Iranian boy who became the first suicide bomber to die in 1980 was hailed as a hero, and “his death was likened to the martyrdom of the Prophet Muhammed’s grandson Hussein (killed at Karbala) and was celebrated by the Ayatollah Khomeini.” Drawing on a wide body of case studies, the authors examine the many ways child soldiers are drawn into their roles—which, in the end, usually turn out to be as cannon fodder. “Child soldiers…are not recruited for the future, but for the present,” they write. “Most die in battle and only a handful ever progress through the ranks to become adult leaders.” In action, too, child soldiers tend to be deadly, making up in savagery what they lack in experience. Can a child, once impressed into the military, ever escape? It happens, write the authors, as sometimes they are thrown out for incompetence, and others run away: “The reality is that most terrorist groups do permit disengagement, to a degree." Even so, they note, accounts by such disengaged children are rare. Bloom and Horgan close with white-paper recommendations for policymakers on how to deal with child soldiers—e.g., “Engage the families and communities of child returnees to better facilitate their reintegration.”
Of interest to military planners as well as workers in the humanitarian aid/NGO sphere.Pub Date: May 15, 2019
ISBN: 978-0-8014-5388-5
Page Count: 240
Publisher: Cornell Univ.
Review Posted Online: March 30, 2019
BOOK REVIEW
A moving meditation on mortality by a gifted writer whose dual perspectives of physician and patient provide a singular...
A neurosurgeon with a passion for literature tragically finds his perfect subject after his diagnosis of terminal lung cancer.
Writing isn’t brain surgery, but it’s rare when someone adept at the latter is also so accomplished at the former. Searching for meaning and purpose in his life, Kalanithi pursued a doctorate in literature and had felt certain that he wouldn’t enter the field of medicine, in which his father and other members of his family excelled. “But I couldn’t let go of the question,” he writes, after realizing that his goals “didn’t quite fit in an English department.” “Where did biology, morality, literature and philosophy intersect?” So he decided to set aside his doctoral dissertation and belatedly prepare for medical school, which “would allow me a chance to find answers that are not in books, to find a different sort of sublime, to forge relationships with the suffering, and to keep following the question of what makes human life meaningful, even in the face of death and decay.” The author’s empathy undoubtedly made him an exceptional doctor, and the precision of his prose—as well as the moral purpose underscoring it—suggests that he could have written a good book on any subject he chose. Part of what makes this book so essential is the fact that it was written under a death sentence following the diagnosis that upended his life, just as he was preparing to end his residency and attract offers at the top of his profession. Kalanithi learned he might have 10 years to live or perhaps five. Should he return to neurosurgery (he could and did), or should he write (he also did)? Should he and his wife have a baby? They did, eight months before he died, which was less than two years after the original diagnosis. “The fact of death is unsettling,” he understates. “Yet there is no other way to live.”
A moving meditation on mortality by a gifted writer whose dual perspectives of physician and patient provide a singular clarity.Pub Date: Jan. 19, 2016
ISBN: 978-0-8129-8840-6
Page Count: 248
Publisher: Random House
Review Posted Online: Sept. 29, 2015
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Oct. 15, 2015
PERSPECTIVES
Occasionally wonky but overall a good case for how the dismal science can make the world less—well, dismal.
“Quality of life means more than just consumption”: Two MIT economists urge that a smarter, more politically aware economics be brought to bear on social issues.
It’s no secret, write Banerjee and Duflo (co-authors: Poor Economics: A Radical Rethinking of the Way To Fight Global Poverty, 2011), that “we seem to have fallen on hard times.” Immigration, trade, inequality, and taxation problems present themselves daily, and they seem to be intractable. Economics can be put to use in figuring out these big-issue questions. Data can be adduced, for example, to answer the question of whether immigration tends to suppress wages. The answer: “There is no evidence low-skilled migration to rich countries drives wage and employment down for the natives.” In fact, it opens up opportunities for those natives by freeing them to look for better work. The problem becomes thornier when it comes to the matter of free trade; as the authors observe, “left-behind people live in left-behind places,” which explains why regional poverty descended on Appalachia when so many manufacturing jobs left for China in the age of globalism, leaving behind not just left-behind people but also people ripe for exploitation by nationalist politicians. The authors add, interestingly, that the same thing occurred in parts of Germany, Spain, and Norway that fell victim to the “China shock.” In what they call a “slightly technical aside,” they build a case for addressing trade issues not with trade wars but with consumption taxes: “It makes no sense to ask agricultural workers to lose their jobs just so steelworkers can keep theirs, which is what tariffs accomplish.” Policymakers might want to consider such counsel, especially when it is coupled with the observation that free trade benefits workers in poor countries but punishes workers in rich ones.
Occasionally wonky but overall a good case for how the dismal science can make the world less—well, dismal.Pub Date: Nov. 12, 2019
ISBN: 978-1-61039-950-0
Page Count: 432
Publisher: PublicAffairs
Review Posted Online: Aug. 28, 2019
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Sept. 15, 2019
SEEN & HEARD
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