Deep, important research by a master historian.
A German Jewish historian mines the intricate story behind Hitler’s rise to power in Munich as a direct reaction to the failed socialist coup of 1918-1919, many of whose leaders were liberal Jews.
In the wake of the assassination of Kurt Eisner—the first Jewish prime minister of Bavaria, whose socialist republic overthrew the centuries-old monarchy—in February 1919, reactionary, antisemitic forces took hold in that once-liberal cultural capital and enabled the rise of Hitler. Brenner looks closely at the lives and beliefs of those Jewish intellectuals, anarchists, and revolutionaries, such as Eisner, Erich Mühsam, Ernst Toller, Eugen Leviné, and Gustav Landauer, as well as the better-known Rosa Luxemburg and Leon Trotsky. Many were from czarist Russia, where they had been oppressed and found in socialism freedom, opportunity, and a method for helping others in similarly oppressive situations. As Saul Friedländer wrote, “the activities of the Jewish revolutionaries in Germany were based on an unquestionably naïve, but very humane idealism—a sort of secular Messianism, as if the revolution could bring deliverance from all suffering.” Many were nonpracticing or nonbelievers, and many worked in opposition to each other and did not necessarily share a political consensus. Still, the revolutionary actors in Bavaria banded together to effect a bloodless takeover of the monarchy, leading first to shock among the bourgeoisie and then vengeful new rulers and a wave of terror—a “pogrom atmosphere in Munich.” Brenner examines the ideology and background of each of the key players and how their Jewishness affected their worldview. The violent reaction to the coup put the “Jewish question” front of mind and the “unspeakable Jewish tragedy,” as Martin Buber called the era, to follow at center stage. The story Brenner pieces together is fascinating, with details that will be unknown to nonspecialist readers, and its ramifications were world-changing then and remain so today.
Deep, important research by a master historian.Pub Date: Feb. 1, 2022
ISBN: 978-0-691-19103-4
Page Count: 392
Publisher: Princeton Univ.
Review Posted Online: Oct. 29, 2021
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Dec. 1, 2021
BOOK REVIEW
BOOK REVIEW
A timely contribution to the discussion of a crucial issue.
A history of the right to vote in America.
Since the nation’s founding, many Americans have been uneasy about democracy. Law and policy expert Waldman (The Second Amendment: A Biography, 2014, etc.), president of New York University’s Brennan Center for Justice, offers a compelling—and disheartening—history of voting in America, from provisions of the Constitution to current debates about voting rights and campaign financing. In the Colonies, only white male property holders could vote and did so in public, by voice. With bribery and intimidation rampant, few made the effort. After the Revolution, many states eliminated property requirements so that men over 21 who had served in the militia could vote. But leaving voting rules to the states disturbed some lawmakers, inciting a clash between those who wanted to restrict voting and those “who sought greater democracy.” That clash fueled future debates about allowing freed slaves, immigrants, and, eventually, women to vote. In 1878, one leading intellectual railed against universal suffrage, fearing rule by “an ignorant proletariat and a half-taught plutocracy.” Voting corruption persisted in the 19th century, when adoption of the secret ballot “made it easier to stuff the ballot box” by adding “as many new votes as proved necessary.” Southern states enacted disenfranchising measures, undermining the 15th Amendment. Waldman traces the campaign for women’s suffrage; the Supreme Court’s dismal record on voting issues (including Citizens United); and the contentious fight to pass the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which “became a touchstone of consensus between Democrats and Republicans” and was reauthorized four times before the Supreme Court “eviscerated it in 2013.” Despite increased access to voting, over the years, turnout has fallen precipitously, and “entrenched groups, fearing change, have…tried to reduce the opportunity for political participation and power.” Waldman urges citizens to find a way to celebrate democracy and reinvigorate political engagement for all.
A timely contribution to the discussion of a crucial issue.Pub Date: Feb. 23, 2016
ISBN: 978-1-5011-1648-3
Page Count: 384
Publisher: Simon & Schuster
Review Posted Online: Nov. 28, 2015
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Dec. 15, 2015
A rousing, suspenseful adventure tale.
A harrowing expedition to Antarctica, recounted by Departures senior features editor Sancton, who has reported from every continent on the planet.
On Aug. 16, 1897, the steam whaler Belgica set off from Belgium with young Adrien de Gerlache as commandant. Thus begins Sancton’s riveting history of exploration, ingenuity, and survival. The commandant’s inexperienced, often unruly crew, half non-Belgian, included scientists, a rookie engineer, and first mate Roald Amundsen, who would later become a celebrated polar explorer. After loading a half ton of explosive tonite, the ship set sail with 23 crew members and two cats. In Rio de Janeiro, they were joined by Dr. Frederick Cook, a young, shameless huckster who had accompanied Robert Peary as a surgeon and ethnologist on an expedition to northern Greenland. In Punta Arenas, four seamen were removed for insubordination, and rats snuck onboard. In Tierra del Fuego, the ship ran aground for a while. Sancton evokes a calm anxiety as he chronicles the ship’s journey south. On Jan. 19, 1898, near the South Shetland Islands, the crew spotted the first icebergs. Rough waves swept someone overboard. Days later, they saw Antarctica in the distance. Glory was “finally within reach.” The author describes the discovery and naming of new lands and the work of the scientists gathering specimens. The ship continued through a perilous, ice-littered sea, as the commandant was anxious to reach a record-setting latitude. On March 6, the Belgica became icebound. The crew did everything they could to prepare for a dark, below-freezing winter, but they were wracked with despair, suffering headaches, insomnia, dizziness, and later, madness—all vividly capture by Sancton. The sun returned on July 22, and by March 1899, they were able to escape the ice. With a cast of intriguing characters and drama galore, this history reads like fiction and will thrill fans of Endurance and In the Kingdom of Ice.
A rousing, suspenseful adventure tale.Pub Date: May 4, 2021
ISBN: 978-1-984824-33-2
Page Count: 384
Publisher: Crown
Review Posted Online: Jan. 29, 2021
Kirkus Reviews Issue: March 1, 2021
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