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RITUALS OF BLOOD

CONSEQUENCES OF SLAVERY IN TWO AMERICAN CENTURIES

There are at least 95 good reasons, if there’s one, why this is an immensely readable and eye-opening new work by Patterson. A Harvard sociologist, Patterson won the National Book Award in 1991 for Freedom in the Making of Western Culture. The current volume is his second in a trilogy on race and the legacy of slavery that started with Ordeal of Integration (1997). In this work he offers three very different but linked essays on the obstacles still facing Afro-Americans at the end of the 20th century; he examines relations between Afro-American men and women, the cult of lynching as ritual sacrifice, and a portrait of the Afro- American male as a media figure. He succeeds in each essay not least because, whether writing of slavery or of the relatively short life span of the black male (64.9 years), he does not indulge in a kind of woe-is-me hand-wrenching that leaves both reader and writer in a strange state of paralysis. However grim the facts, he states them and moves on. Also he accepts but is unafraid to challenge authorities in other fields, whether it’s Ralph Ellison or William Julius Wilson. Then again, he is an unabashed supporter of black radical feminists Michelle Wallace and Ntozake Shange. Indeed, unlike many social scientists, Patterson makes frequent forays into other disciplines if he feels it better explains his point. Finally, he is inclined to disturb and challenge African- American readers. Debunking, for example, the liberal assessment that Afro-Americans who have been lynched were all innocent, Patterson asserts that many of them “were heroically guilty, notwithstanding the fact that many mistakes were made by the lynch mobs in sacrificing the wrong person.” At another point he concludes that one of the byproducts of slavery is the high infidelity rate among black males (27 percent, as compared with 19 percent for white men). The latter may seem like a stretch. But what is problematic in Patterson is unfailingly provocative.

Pub Date: Feb. 1, 1999

ISBN: 1-887178-82-1

Page Count: 352

Publisher: Basic Civitas

Review Posted Online: May 19, 2010

Kirkus Reviews Issue: Jan. 15, 1999

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A PEOPLE'S HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES

For Howard Zinn, long-time civil rights and anti-war activist, history and ideology have a lot in common. Since he thinks that everything is in someone's interest, the historian—Zinn posits—has to figure out whose interests he or she is defining/defending/reconstructing (hence one of his previous books, The Politics of History). Zinn has no doubts about where he stands in this "people's history": "it is a history disrespectful of governments and respectful of people's movements of resistance." So what we get here, instead of the usual survey of wars, presidents, and institutions, is a survey of the usual rebellions, strikes, and protest movements. Zinn starts out by depicting the arrival of Columbus in North America from the standpoint of the Indians (which amounts to their standpoint as constructed from the observations of the Europeans); and, after easily establishing the cultural disharmony that ensued, he goes on to the importation of slaves into the colonies. Add the laborers and indentured servants that followed, plus women and later immigrants, and you have Zinn's amorphous constituency. To hear Zinn tell it, all anyone did in America at any time was to oppress or be oppressed; and so he obscures as much as his hated mainstream historical foes do—only in Zinn's case there is that absurd presumption that virtually everything that came to pass was the work of ruling-class planning: this amounts to one great indictment for conspiracy. Despite surface similarities, this is not a social history, since we get no sense of the fabric of life. Instead of negating the one-sided histories he detests, Zinn has merely reversed the image; the distortion remains.

Pub Date: Jan. 1, 1979

ISBN: 0061965588

Page Count: 772

Publisher: Harper & Row

Review Posted Online: May 26, 2012

Kirkus Reviews Issue: Jan. 1, 1979

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WHEN BREATH BECOMES AIR

A moving meditation on mortality by a gifted writer whose dual perspectives of physician and patient provide a singular...

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A neurosurgeon with a passion for literature tragically finds his perfect subject after his diagnosis of terminal lung cancer.

Writing isn’t brain surgery, but it’s rare when someone adept at the latter is also so accomplished at the former. Searching for meaning and purpose in his life, Kalanithi pursued a doctorate in literature and had felt certain that he wouldn’t enter the field of medicine, in which his father and other members of his family excelled. “But I couldn’t let go of the question,” he writes, after realizing that his goals “didn’t quite fit in an English department.” “Where did biology, morality, literature and philosophy intersect?” So he decided to set aside his doctoral dissertation and belatedly prepare for medical school, which “would allow me a chance to find answers that are not in books, to find a different sort of sublime, to forge relationships with the suffering, and to keep following the question of what makes human life meaningful, even in the face of death and decay.” The author’s empathy undoubtedly made him an exceptional doctor, and the precision of his prose—as well as the moral purpose underscoring it—suggests that he could have written a good book on any subject he chose. Part of what makes this book so essential is the fact that it was written under a death sentence following the diagnosis that upended his life, just as he was preparing to end his residency and attract offers at the top of his profession. Kalanithi learned he might have 10 years to live or perhaps five. Should he return to neurosurgery (he could and did), or should he write (he also did)? Should he and his wife have a baby? They did, eight months before he died, which was less than two years after the original diagnosis. “The fact of death is unsettling,” he understates. “Yet there is no other way to live.”

A moving meditation on mortality by a gifted writer whose dual perspectives of physician and patient provide a singular clarity.

Pub Date: Jan. 19, 2016

ISBN: 978-0-8129-8840-6

Page Count: 248

Publisher: Random House

Review Posted Online: Sept. 29, 2015

Kirkus Reviews Issue: Oct. 15, 2015

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