Scruton, an academic philosopher who enjoys addressing popular audiences (Modern Philosophy, not reviewed), answers some of philosophy's perennial questions with the self-assurance and intolerance of ambiguity that characterize much of the British analytic tradition. In a time of heartless scientism and postmodern despair, Scruton wishes to recover for philosophy its theoretical and practical relevance to ordinary human life. Under concisely formulated chapter headings—Truth, God, Freedom, etc.—he discusses an array of topics, from time and history to music and sex. He opens with a curious deduction: that to interest others in philosophy, he must write on what interests himself. The concealed assumption—that only out of self-regard can we behave with regard for others—is itself a philosophical position that not all readers will accept. For one who celebrates the interrogatory mood of philosophy, Scruton is overly declarative. Questionable presuppositions go unquestioned. For example, Scruton's argument against the self-consciousness of animals— that their behavior can be explained on simpler grounds— presupposes the philosophical principle of economy, better known as Occam's Razor, which he neither credits nor defends. On the other hand, Kant receives much credit for persuasively restating one of philosophy's more enduring puzzles: How can human beings simultaneously be both subjects (of free, moral acts) and objects (of scientific study)? Scruton's suggested solution, that we look for an answer beyond words, in music—which superimposes over ordinary time a different but simultaneous esthetic time—has a history in German idealist and romantic esthetics that he might have more openly acknowledged. Though by his ultimate Wittgensteinian demand that philosophical language either speak with pellucid clarity or else fall silent, Scruton presumes to banish all uncertainty from his words, the uncertainties remain, hidden beneath the surface.
Pub Date: Feb. 1, 1998
ISBN: 0-7139-9226-3
Page Count: 168
Publisher: Viking
Review Posted Online: May 19, 2010
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Dec. 1, 1997
A very welcome instance of philosophy that can help readers live a good life.
A teacher and scholar of Buddhism offers a formally varied account of the available rewards of solitude.
“As Mother Ayahuasca takes me in her arms, I realize that last night I vomited up my attachment to Buddhism. In passing out, I died. In coming to, I was, so to speak, reborn. I no longer have to fight these battles, I repeat to myself. I am no longer a combatant in the dharma wars. It feels as if the course of my life has shifted onto another vector, like a train shunted off its familiar track onto a new trajectory.” Readers of Batchelor’s previous books (Secular Buddhism: Imagining the Dharma in an Uncertain World, 2017, etc.) will recognize in this passage the culmination of his decadeslong shift away from the religious commitments of Buddhism toward an ecumenical and homegrown philosophy of life. Writing in a variety of modes—memoir, history, collage, essay, biography, and meditation instruction—the author doesn’t argue for his approach to solitude as much as offer it for contemplation. Essentially, Batchelor implies that if you read what Buddha said here and what Montaigne said there, and if you consider something the author has noticed, and if you reflect on your own experience, you have the possibility to improve the quality of your life. For introspective readers, it’s easy to hear in this approach a direct response to Pascal’s claim that “all of humanity's problems stem from man's inability to sit quietly in a room alone.” Batchelor wants to relieve us of this inability by offering his example of how to do just that. “Solitude is an art. Mental training is needed to refine and stabilize it,” he writes. “When you practice solitude, you dedicate yourself to the care of the soul.” Whatever a soul is, the author goes a long way toward soothing it.
A very welcome instance of philosophy that can help readers live a good life.Pub Date: Feb. 18, 2020
ISBN: 978-0-300-25093-0
Page Count: 200
Publisher: Yale Univ.
Review Posted Online: Nov. 24, 2019
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Dec. 15, 2019
BOOK REVIEW
If the authors are serious, this is a silly, distasteful book. If they are not, it’s a brilliant satire.
The authors have created a sort of anti-Book of Virtues in this encyclopedic compendium of the ways and means of power.
Everyone wants power and everyone is in a constant duplicitous game to gain more power at the expense of others, according to Greene, a screenwriter and former editor at Esquire (Elffers, a book packager, designed the volume, with its attractive marginalia). We live today as courtiers once did in royal courts: we must appear civil while attempting to crush all those around us. This power game can be played well or poorly, and in these 48 laws culled from the history and wisdom of the world’s greatest power players are the rules that must be followed to win. These laws boil down to being as ruthless, selfish, manipulative, and deceitful as possible. Each law, however, gets its own chapter: “Conceal Your Intentions,” “Always Say Less Than Necessary,” “Pose as a Friend, Work as a Spy,” and so on. Each chapter is conveniently broken down into sections on what happened to those who transgressed or observed the particular law, the key elements in this law, and ways to defensively reverse this law when it’s used against you. Quotations in the margins amplify the lesson being taught. While compelling in the way an auto accident might be, the book is simply nonsense. Rules often contradict each other. We are told, for instance, to “be conspicuous at all cost,” then told to “behave like others.” More seriously, Greene never really defines “power,” and he merely asserts, rather than offers evidence for, the Hobbesian world of all against all in which he insists we live. The world may be like this at times, but often it isn’t. To ask why this is so would be a far more useful project.
If the authors are serious, this is a silly, distasteful book. If they are not, it’s a brilliant satire.Pub Date: Sept. 1, 1998
ISBN: 0-670-88146-5
Page Count: 430
Publisher: Viking
Review Posted Online: May 19, 2010
Kirkus Reviews Issue: July 15, 1998
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