A welcome case that all of us should just get along—and work hard to do so.
A searching history of interracial friendship and cooperation throughout American history.
George Washington’s farewell address is “tinged with the presumption of racial homogeneity as a prerequisite of national unity,” writes political science professor Ambar. The U.S. was racially diverse then and is even more so now, and we diverge today along a number of axes—food, religion, customs, ethnicity—that hold us apart. Ambar examines key instances that speak to the ability of people to reach across those lines of separation to form friendships. Although Frederick Douglass and Abraham Lincoln, to name one of Ambar’s examples, seem to have genuinely liked each other, there was also a quid pro quo in their relationship. Perhaps the least successful of these case studies involved the efforts of Benjamin Banneker, a freed Black man, to forge a relationship with Thomas Jefferson, which would allow him to argue intellectual equality between races. Banneker, a surveyor who help lay out the plat of Washington, D.C., was unable to sway Jefferson, who replied in letters that he was in principle in favor of “raising the condition both of their body and mind to what it ought to be”—ought to be if Blacks were free, that is—but was otherwise reluctant to abandon the White supremacist stance into which he was born. Other friendships were more successful, if still reflective of their time: Ralph Ellison and Shirley Jackson enjoyed a great literary friendship, but it had to be mediated by Jackson’s husband since “You didn’t write to another man’s wife.” Eleanor Roosevelt and Mary McLeod Bethune, Gloria Steinem and Angela Davis, Marilyn Monroe and Ella Fitzgerald, all round out the possibilities of racial amity, at least among the cultural and political elite. Closing his illuminating study, Ambar writes, “we cannot disavow friendship’s role in making over our democratic republic.”
A welcome case that all of us should just get along—and work hard to do so.Pub Date: June 1, 2022
ISBN: 978-0-197-62199-8
Page Count: 272
Publisher: Oxford Univ.
Review Posted Online: March 28, 2022
Kirkus Reviews Issue: April 15, 2022
BOOK REVIEW
A short, smart analysis of perhaps the most famous passage in American history reveals its potency and unfulfilled promise.
Words that made a nation.
Isaacson is known for expansive biographies of great thinkers (and Elon Musk), but here he pens a succinct, stimulating commentary on the Founding Fathers’ ode to “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.” His close reading of the Declaration of Independence’s second sentence, published to mark the 250th anniversary of the document’s adoption, doesn’t downplay its “moral contradiction.” Thomas Jefferson enslaved hundreds of people yet called slavery “a cruel war against human nature” in his first draft of the Declaration. All but 15 of the document’s 56 signers owned enslaved people. While the sentence in question asserted “all men are created equal” and possess “unalienable rights,” the Founders “consciously and intentionally” excluded women, Native Americans, and enslaved people. And yet the sentence is powerful, Isaacson writes, because it names a young nation’s “aspirations.” He mounts a solid defense of what ought to be shared goals, among them economic fairness, “moral compassion,” and a willingness to compromise. “Democracy depends on this,” he writes. Isaacson is excellent when explaining how Enlightenment intellectuals abroad influenced the founders. Benjamin Franklin, one of the Declaration’s “five-person drafting committee,” stayed in David Hume’s home for a month in the early 1770s, “discussing ideas of natural rights” with the Scottish philosopher. Also strong is Isaacson’s discussion of the “edits and tweaks” made to Jefferson’s draft. As recommended by Franklin and others, the changes were substantial, leaving Jefferson “distraught.” Franklin, who emerges as the book’s hero, helped establish municipal services, founded a library, and encouraged religious diversity—the kind of civic-mindedness that we could use more of today, Isaacson reminds us.
A short, smart analysis of perhaps the most famous passage in American history reveals its potency and unfulfilled promise.Pub Date: Nov. 18, 2025
ISBN: 9781982181314
Page Count: 80
Publisher: Simon & Schuster
Review Posted Online: Aug. 29, 2025
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Oct. 1, 2025
BOOK REVIEW
BOOK REVIEW
BOOK REVIEW
SEEN & HEARD
A moving meditation on mortality by a gifted writer whose dual perspectives of physician and patient provide a singular...
A neurosurgeon with a passion for literature tragically finds his perfect subject after his diagnosis of terminal lung cancer.
Writing isn’t brain surgery, but it’s rare when someone adept at the latter is also so accomplished at the former. Searching for meaning and purpose in his life, Kalanithi pursued a doctorate in literature and had felt certain that he wouldn’t enter the field of medicine, in which his father and other members of his family excelled. “But I couldn’t let go of the question,” he writes, after realizing that his goals “didn’t quite fit in an English department.” “Where did biology, morality, literature and philosophy intersect?” So he decided to set aside his doctoral dissertation and belatedly prepare for medical school, which “would allow me a chance to find answers that are not in books, to find a different sort of sublime, to forge relationships with the suffering, and to keep following the question of what makes human life meaningful, even in the face of death and decay.” The author’s empathy undoubtedly made him an exceptional doctor, and the precision of his prose—as well as the moral purpose underscoring it—suggests that he could have written a good book on any subject he chose. Part of what makes this book so essential is the fact that it was written under a death sentence following the diagnosis that upended his life, just as he was preparing to end his residency and attract offers at the top of his profession. Kalanithi learned he might have 10 years to live or perhaps five. Should he return to neurosurgery (he could and did), or should he write (he also did)? Should he and his wife have a baby? They did, eight months before he died, which was less than two years after the original diagnosis. “The fact of death is unsettling,” he understates. “Yet there is no other way to live.”
A moving meditation on mortality by a gifted writer whose dual perspectives of physician and patient provide a singular clarity.Pub Date: Jan. 19, 2016
ISBN: 978-0-8129-8840-6
Page Count: 248
Publisher: Random House
Review Posted Online: Sept. 29, 2015
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Oct. 15, 2015
PERSPECTIVES
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