Thoughtful citizens of the digital world will want to have a look at Hwang’s intriguing exploration.
A deep dive into the marketplace that is the internet.
Hwang, the former global public policy lead on artificial intelligence at Google, examines the role of advertising in the online realm as “a marketplace for attention,” one that aims to grab your eyes, if even for a moment, and with any luck sells you something—an idea, a product, a political candidate. This marketplace may once have resembled a local fair. However, as the author shows, it has been thoroughly upscaled, with vast technologies and a commercial realm known as programmatic advertising, which “leverages software to automate the buying and selling of advertising inventory.” This automated, algorithmically driven advertising has its creepy dimensions—e.g., you look at an ad for a toaster, and the next day a dozen toaster manufacturers bombard you with their approaches. Human ad-sales teams are rapidly becoming a thing of the past with the advent of this machine-informed advertising, as Google’s sales force discovered when AdWords and AdSense took pride of place. Our attention—the vaunted target of the machine—has thus become “commodified to an extent that it has not been in the past,” made part of a massive system. Champions of programmatic advertising hold that it allows for better price transparency, but Hwang argues that it has created “an unsustainable market due for a painful correction” and certainly not one amenable to self-regulation. Online advertising must be regulated in the same way as hedge funds, requiring the intervention of government into an arena beloved of libertarians for its anarchic nature, albeit one that “remains murky and opaque, constantly oversold by an unhealthy ecosystem of conflicted players.” That call for regulation alone is likely to make Hwang’s book controversial, but it would help level a playing field that is dominated by a few big actors—Google, Facebook, Amazon, and the like.
Thoughtful citizens of the digital world will want to have a look at Hwang’s intriguing exploration.Pub Date: Oct. 13, 2020
ISBN: 978-0-374-53865-1
Page Count: 176
Publisher: Farrar, Straus and Giroux
Review Posted Online: July 28, 2020
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Aug. 15, 2020
For Howard Zinn, long-time civil rights and anti-war activist, history and ideology have a lot in common. Since he thinks that everything is in someone's interest, the historian—Zinn posits—has to figure out whose interests he or she is defining/defending/reconstructing (hence one of his previous books, The Politics of History). Zinn has no doubts about where he stands in this "people's history": "it is a history disrespectful of governments and respectful of people's movements of resistance." So what we get here, instead of the usual survey of wars, presidents, and institutions, is a survey of the usual rebellions, strikes, and protest movements. Zinn starts out by depicting the arrival of Columbus in North America from the standpoint of the Indians (which amounts to their standpoint as constructed from the observations of the Europeans); and, after easily establishing the cultural disharmony that ensued, he goes on to the importation of slaves into the colonies. Add the laborers and indentured servants that followed, plus women and later immigrants, and you have Zinn's amorphous constituency. To hear Zinn tell it, all anyone did in America at any time was to oppress or be oppressed; and so he obscures as much as his hated mainstream historical foes do—only in Zinn's case there is that absurd presumption that virtually everything that came to pass was the work of ruling-class planning: this amounts to one great indictment for conspiracy. Despite surface similarities, this is not a social history, since we get no sense of the fabric of life. Instead of negating the one-sided histories he detests, Zinn has merely reversed the image; the distortion remains.
Pub Date: Jan. 1, 1979
ISBN: 0061965588
Page Count: 772
Publisher: Harper & Row
Review Posted Online: May 26, 2012
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Jan. 1, 1979
BOOK REVIEW
BOOK REVIEW
BOOK REVIEW
A moving meditation on mortality by a gifted writer whose dual perspectives of physician and patient provide a singular...
A neurosurgeon with a passion for literature tragically finds his perfect subject after his diagnosis of terminal lung cancer.
Writing isn’t brain surgery, but it’s rare when someone adept at the latter is also so accomplished at the former. Searching for meaning and purpose in his life, Kalanithi pursued a doctorate in literature and had felt certain that he wouldn’t enter the field of medicine, in which his father and other members of his family excelled. “But I couldn’t let go of the question,” he writes, after realizing that his goals “didn’t quite fit in an English department.” “Where did biology, morality, literature and philosophy intersect?” So he decided to set aside his doctoral dissertation and belatedly prepare for medical school, which “would allow me a chance to find answers that are not in books, to find a different sort of sublime, to forge relationships with the suffering, and to keep following the question of what makes human life meaningful, even in the face of death and decay.” The author’s empathy undoubtedly made him an exceptional doctor, and the precision of his prose—as well as the moral purpose underscoring it—suggests that he could have written a good book on any subject he chose. Part of what makes this book so essential is the fact that it was written under a death sentence following the diagnosis that upended his life, just as he was preparing to end his residency and attract offers at the top of his profession. Kalanithi learned he might have 10 years to live or perhaps five. Should he return to neurosurgery (he could and did), or should he write (he also did)? Should he and his wife have a baby? They did, eight months before he died, which was less than two years after the original diagnosis. “The fact of death is unsettling,” he understates. “Yet there is no other way to live.”
A moving meditation on mortality by a gifted writer whose dual perspectives of physician and patient provide a singular clarity.Pub Date: Jan. 19, 2016
ISBN: 978-0-8129-8840-6
Page Count: 248
Publisher: Random House
Review Posted Online: Sept. 29, 2015
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Oct. 15, 2015
PERSPECTIVES
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