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THE FOURTH BRANCH

HOW STATE GOVERNMENT CAN SAVE OUR UNION

A well-informed civics-driven guide arguing that state legislatures, not Washington, will shape America’s political future.

A veteran state legislator argues that the real battlefield for American democracy lies in state government.

A former New York state senator and longtime aide to U.S. Sen. Chuck Schumer, Squadron brings insider experience to this debut effort, arguing that Americans have fundamentally misunderstood where political power resides. “On the things people care about most, the state is almost always responsible,” he writes. His central aim is to redirect civic attention away from Washington gridlock and toward state legislatures, the arenas where redistricting, voting rules, and policy frameworks are shaped long before reaching the national stage. At one point, underscoring the labyrinthine nature of state governance, he notes that “Between them, there are fifty-one different election laws,” a reminder of how fragmented and consequential state authority has become. The book is laid out in three broad sections. The opening section serves as a civics-heavy foundation, explaining how state governments function and how their decisions ripple upward into federal law and Supreme Court rulings. The middle chapters shift toward the mechanics of power: redistricting strategies, legislative alliances, and the steady growth of political advantage. The final portion reads as a kind of playbook, urging readers to fund, organize, or even run for state office. These arguments prove especially urgent within the context Trump’s second administration, where executive power and judicial appointments have intensified ideological divisions. Squadron repeatedly points to long-standing Republican efforts to build institutional leverage through conservative policy organizations and advocacy networks, as well as think tanks, such as the Heritage Foundation or the Koch brothers’ Cato Institute, that have refined messaging, drafted model legislation, and steadily influenced statehouses across the country. Read in sequence, the book serves as a kind of handbook for political engagement. Yet in its first half especially, the tone somewhat resembles an extended civics lesson, thorough and relatable, though occasionally dense with procedural detail. For motivated readers, that density provides an essential foundation rather than a barrier.

A well-informed civics-driven guide arguing that state legislatures, not Washington, will shape America’s political future.

Pub Date: June 9, 2026

ISBN: 9781638933854

Page Count: 304

Publisher: Zando

Review Posted Online: April 6, 2026

Kirkus Reviews Issue: May 1, 2026

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ONE DAY, EVERYONE WILL HAVE ALWAYS BEEN AGAINST THIS

A philosophically rich critique of state violence and mass apathy.

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An Egyptian Canadian journalist writes searchingly of this time of war.

“Rules, conventions, morals, reality itself: all exist so long as their existence is convenient to the preservation of power.” So writes El Akkad, who goes on to state that one of the demands of modern power is that those subject to it must imagine that some group of people somewhere are not fully human. El Akkad’s pointed example is Gaza, the current destruction of which, he writes, is causing millions of people around the world to examine the supposedly rules-governed, democratic West and declare, “I want nothing to do with this.” El Akkad, author of the novel American War (2017), discerns hypocrisy and racism in the West’s defense of Ukraine and what he views as indifference toward the Palestinian people. No stranger to war zones himself—El Akkad was a correspondent in Afghanistan and Iraq—he writes with grim matter-of-factness about murdered children, famine, and the deliberate targeting of civilians. With no love for Zionism lost, he offers an equally harsh critique of Hamas, yet another one of the “entities obsessed with violence as an ethos, brutal in their treatment of minority groups who in their view should not exist, and self-­decreed to be the true protectors of an entire religion.” Taking a global view, El Akkad, who lives in the U.S., finds almost every government and society wanting, and not least those, he says, that turn away and pretend not to know, behavior that we’ve seen before and that, in the spirit of his title, will one day be explained away until, in the end, it comes down to “a quiet unheard reckoning in the winter of life between the one who said nothing, did nothing, and their own soul.”

A philosophically rich critique of state violence and mass apathy.

Pub Date: Feb. 25, 2025

ISBN: 9780593804148

Page Count: 224

Publisher: Knopf

Review Posted Online: Dec. 14, 2024

Kirkus Reviews Issue: Jan. 15, 2025

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A PEOPLE'S HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES

For Howard Zinn, long-time civil rights and anti-war activist, history and ideology have a lot in common. Since he thinks that everything is in someone's interest, the historian—Zinn posits—has to figure out whose interests he or she is defining/defending/reconstructing (hence one of his previous books, The Politics of History). Zinn has no doubts about where he stands in this "people's history": "it is a history disrespectful of governments and respectful of people's movements of resistance." So what we get here, instead of the usual survey of wars, presidents, and institutions, is a survey of the usual rebellions, strikes, and protest movements. Zinn starts out by depicting the arrival of Columbus in North America from the standpoint of the Indians (which amounts to their standpoint as constructed from the observations of the Europeans); and, after easily establishing the cultural disharmony that ensued, he goes on to the importation of slaves into the colonies. Add the laborers and indentured servants that followed, plus women and later immigrants, and you have Zinn's amorphous constituency. To hear Zinn tell it, all anyone did in America at any time was to oppress or be oppressed; and so he obscures as much as his hated mainstream historical foes do—only in Zinn's case there is that absurd presumption that virtually everything that came to pass was the work of ruling-class planning: this amounts to one great indictment for conspiracy. Despite surface similarities, this is not a social history, since we get no sense of the fabric of life. Instead of negating the one-sided histories he detests, Zinn has merely reversed the image; the distortion remains.

Pub Date: Jan. 1, 1979

ISBN: 0061965588

Page Count: 772

Publisher: Harper & Row

Review Posted Online: May 26, 2012

Kirkus Reviews Issue: Jan. 1, 1979

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