A book that proposes a philosophical revolution but offers mostly fun thought experiments.
A survey of the history and future of philosophy for the digital age.
Following the massive success of The Matrix, the film received considered analyses from many big-name philosophers. Among these was Chalmers, whose academic paper “The Matrixas Metaphysics” is one of the high-water marks of the field. That article initiated the author into the philosophy of virtual reality, a subject to which he returns in this ambitious and encyclopedic attempt to think through seemingly all of philosophy in light of increasingly rapid technological implications. To his credit, Chalmers, the co-director of the Center for Mind, Brain and Consciousness at NYU, injects new life into old philosophical problems via “technophilosophy,” a “combination of (1) asking philosophical questions about technology and (2) using technology to help answer traditional philosophical questions.” Arguments for God, the external world, utilitarianism, and many other concepts must be revisited if we take seriously the possibility that we could be living in a simulation. This is an emphatically contemporary work, and Chalmers seems overly enamored with the virtual; his speculation often reads like celebration. Advancing his view that the virtual is actually real, he writes, “artificiality of an environment is no bar to value. It’s true that some people value a natural environment, but this seems an optional value, and not one that makes the difference between a valuable and a valueless life.” The book is overstuffed with data of varying relevance—e.g., what percentage of professional philosophers holds which position, as if such numbers meant anything more than what is currently in fashion—and the author’s perambulations may appeal more to computer coders than philosophers. Oddly, Chalmers seems to assume that readers are largely unfamiliar with the foundations of philosophy and, at the same time, are deeply interested in what technology means for philosophy.
A book that proposes a philosophical revolution but offers mostly fun thought experiments.Pub Date: Jan. 25, 2022
ISBN: 978-0-393-63580-5
Page Count: 528
Publisher: Norton
Review Posted Online: Oct. 6, 2021
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Nov. 1, 2021
A nimble study that sheds new light on Marx’s thought and enduring influence.
Cultural and intellectual history of Marx’s engagements with the U.S., and the following he found.
Karl Marx, historian Hartman writes, was fascinated by the U.S. as “the nation most committed to the economic and social systems formed by capitalism.” He had fleeting hope that his concept of freedom as encompassing economic independence would find a home in the U.S., even as Abraham Lincoln—who, casual readers might not know, was the subject of much of Marx’s work as a journalist writing for Horace Greeley’s New York Daily Tribune—also hoped that “workers might break free of capital and work for themselves.” The alignment had enough points of difference, of course, to separate Lincoln’s Republicanism from Marx’s socialism and communism. Marx supported the Union and Lincoln in particular during the Civil War, if for nuanced reasons: He was adamantly opposed to slavery, “a product of his firm belief that abolition was an essential step toward working-class emancipation.” That is, slavery and wage slavery were not so far apart. Marx’s optimism faded as Andrew Johnson, whom he called “excessively vacillating and weak,” undid the higher goals of abolitionism during Reconstruction. Hartman goes on to examine how thinkers such as C.L.R. James and political figures such as Franklin Roosevelt interpreted Marx’s thought in later years, the former in his radical history of the Haitian war of independence, the latter in shaping some of the planks of the New Deal—for, as Roosevelt said, “There is no question in my mind…that it is time for the country to become fairly radical for at least one generation.” With the recent rise of populism and nationalism, Hartman concludes at the end of his era-by-era survey, it might be time again. As he writes, echoing Marx, “What do we have to lose?”
A nimble study that sheds new light on Marx’s thought and enduring influence.Pub Date: May 27, 2025
ISBN: 9780226537481
Page Count: 600
Publisher: Univ. of Chicago
Review Posted Online: March 22, 2025
Kirkus Reviews Issue: April 15, 2025
Ram Dass lived a full life and then some. His final statement is thorough and, yes, enlightening.
A comprehensive memoir from a famous but humble spiritual seeker.
Mention the name Ram Dass (1931-2019), and you’re likely to hear three words: Be Here Now. However, there’s much more to the man born Richard Alpert than his best-known book, as this posthumous memoir, co-written with Das, makes amply clear. Born just outside of Boston to an ambitious Jewish family, he quickly became a hungry spiritual seeker. He ran with fellow Harvard psychology professor Timothy Leary, and together they became pioneers in hallucinogenic research. As he explains, psilocybin and LSD, which were legal when he began his studies, were a means of exploring other planes of consciousness, a rationale that didn’t keep him from getting fired for turning on an undergraduate student. One can imagine such a book by another author—say, Leary—as full of chest-puffing and war stories. Thankfully, on his road to enlightenment, Ram Dass also accumulated a good deal of humility. This comes across clearest in the sections that find him in India, where he became a disciple of the Hindu guru Maharaj-ji, who taught the young American pilgrim how to love and worship without using drugs—and gave him his new name, which means “servant of God.” “Turning toward Eastern spirituality was not just my inner evolution but part of a major cultural shift,” writes the author, who proves to be a steady guide to some heady events and trends, including the Harvard psychedelic tests, the communal living experiment in Millbrook, New York, the Human Be-In in Golden Gate Park, and the influx of Westerners flooding India in search of a higher state of being. Familiar names walk in, walk out, and often return: Allen Ginsberg, Aldous Huxley, Ken Kesey, and the members of the Grateful Dead.
Ram Dass lived a full life and then some. His final statement is thorough and, yes, enlightening.Pub Date: Jan. 12, 2021
ISBN: 978-1-68364-628-0
Page Count: 488
Publisher: Sounds True
Review Posted Online: Nov. 9, 2020
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Dec. 1, 2020
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