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OUTPLAYED

HOW GAME THEORY IS USED AGAINST US

A brief but comprehensive primer on game theory.

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An impressively accessible synopsis of game theory, its history, and its real-world applications.

According to Lockwood, some embryonic form of game theory has been around since the beginning. In the book of Genesis, one detects an illustrative argument against “the calamitous and long-lasting consequences of failing to cooperate.” Similarly, the author discovers some fledgling version of game theory in the ancient works of writers like Thucydides and Sun Tzu. Nonetheless, game theory wouldn’t become a formal branch of mathematics until the 20th century as a consequence of the groundbreaking work of John Nash and John Von Neumann. Lockwood not only limns a remarkably lucid account of game theory’s evolution—he announces his intention to avoid discussions of mathematical formulas—he lays bare its fundamental precepts, including its most famous problem, the prisoner’s dilemma. Furthermore, the author analyzes the application of game theory in practical life, assessing its predominance in sexual and corporate competition, auctions, and elections as well as nuclear strategy, with an emphasis on mutually assured destruction. Lockwood sees game theory essentially everywhere and argues that a rudimentary understanding of it is therefore necessary: “It shows us when to cooperate or compete. It informs us on when to fight or sue for peace. It demonstrates how to structure incentives to achieve better outcomes. With a knowledge of game theory, we are less likely to be outplayed by others.” The author’s analysis is as rigorous as it is thorough, and his command of game theory, unimpeachable. On occasion he helpfully, if unwittingly, shows the limitation of game theory—his critique of the Electoral College, for example, evinces a less-than-sophisticated understanding of its historical purposes. However, his prose is unfailingly clear, a noteworthy feat given the technically prohibitive nature of the subject matter. This is a marvelously concise introduction to game theory, one especially suitable for the intellectually curious but mathematically challenged.

A brief but comprehensive primer on game theory.

Pub Date: Oct. 25, 2022

ISBN: 978-1-62634-979-7

Page Count: 272

Publisher: Greenleaf Book Group Press

Review Posted Online: July 1, 2022

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THE GREATEST SENTENCE EVER WRITTEN

A short, smart analysis of perhaps the most famous passage in American history reveals its potency and unfulfilled promise.

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Words that made a nation.

Isaacson is known for expansive biographies of great thinkers (and Elon Musk), but here he pens a succinct, stimulating commentary on the Founding Fathers’ ode to “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.” His close reading of the Declaration of Independence’s second sentence, published to mark the 250th anniversary of the document’s adoption, doesn’t downplay its “moral contradiction.” Thomas Jefferson enslaved hundreds of people yet called slavery “a cruel war against human nature” in his first draft of the Declaration. All but 15 of the document’s 56 signers owned enslaved people. While the sentence in question asserted “all men are created equal” and possess “unalienable rights,” the Founders “consciously and intentionally” excluded women, Native Americans, and enslaved people. And yet the sentence is powerful, Isaacson writes, because it names a young nation’s “aspirations.” He mounts a solid defense of what ought to be shared goals, among them economic fairness, “moral compassion,” and a willingness to compromise. “Democracy depends on this,” he writes. Isaacson is excellent when explaining how Enlightenment intellectuals abroad influenced the founders. Benjamin Franklin, one of the Declaration’s “five-person drafting committee,” stayed in David Hume’s home for a month in the early 1770s, “discussing ideas of natural rights” with the Scottish philosopher. Also strong is Isaacson’s discussion of the “edits and tweaks” made to Jefferson’s draft. As recommended by Franklin and others, the changes were substantial, leaving Jefferson “distraught.” Franklin, who emerges as the book’s hero, helped establish municipal services, founded a library, and encouraged religious diversity—the kind of civic-mindedness that we could use more of today, Isaacson reminds us.

A short, smart analysis of perhaps the most famous passage in American history reveals its potency and unfulfilled promise.

Pub Date: Nov. 18, 2025

ISBN: 9781982181314

Page Count: 80

Publisher: Simon & Schuster

Review Posted Online: Aug. 29, 2025

Kirkus Reviews Issue: Oct. 1, 2025

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WHEN BREATH BECOMES AIR

A moving meditation on mortality by a gifted writer whose dual perspectives of physician and patient provide a singular...

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A neurosurgeon with a passion for literature tragically finds his perfect subject after his diagnosis of terminal lung cancer.

Writing isn’t brain surgery, but it’s rare when someone adept at the latter is also so accomplished at the former. Searching for meaning and purpose in his life, Kalanithi pursued a doctorate in literature and had felt certain that he wouldn’t enter the field of medicine, in which his father and other members of his family excelled. “But I couldn’t let go of the question,” he writes, after realizing that his goals “didn’t quite fit in an English department.” “Where did biology, morality, literature and philosophy intersect?” So he decided to set aside his doctoral dissertation and belatedly prepare for medical school, which “would allow me a chance to find answers that are not in books, to find a different sort of sublime, to forge relationships with the suffering, and to keep following the question of what makes human life meaningful, even in the face of death and decay.” The author’s empathy undoubtedly made him an exceptional doctor, and the precision of his prose—as well as the moral purpose underscoring it—suggests that he could have written a good book on any subject he chose. Part of what makes this book so essential is the fact that it was written under a death sentence following the diagnosis that upended his life, just as he was preparing to end his residency and attract offers at the top of his profession. Kalanithi learned he might have 10 years to live or perhaps five. Should he return to neurosurgery (he could and did), or should he write (he also did)? Should he and his wife have a baby? They did, eight months before he died, which was less than two years after the original diagnosis. “The fact of death is unsettling,” he understates. “Yet there is no other way to live.”

A moving meditation on mortality by a gifted writer whose dual perspectives of physician and patient provide a singular clarity.

Pub Date: Jan. 19, 2016

ISBN: 978-0-8129-8840-6

Page Count: 248

Publisher: Random House

Review Posted Online: Sept. 29, 2015

Kirkus Reviews Issue: Oct. 15, 2015

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