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OUTPLAYED

HOW GAME THEORY IS USED AGAINST US

A brief but comprehensive primer on game theory.

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An impressively accessible synopsis of game theory, its history, and its real-world applications.

According to Lockwood, some embryonic form of game theory has been around since the beginning. In the book of Genesis, one detects an illustrative argument against “the calamitous and long-lasting consequences of failing to cooperate.” Similarly, the author discovers some fledgling version of game theory in the ancient works of writers like Thucydides and Sun Tzu. Nonetheless, game theory wouldn’t become a formal branch of mathematics until the 20th century as a consequence of the groundbreaking work of John Nash and John Von Neumann. Lockwood not only limns a remarkably lucid account of game theory’s evolution—he announces his intention to avoid discussions of mathematical formulas—he lays bare its fundamental precepts, including its most famous problem, the prisoner’s dilemma. Furthermore, the author analyzes the application of game theory in practical life, assessing its predominance in sexual and corporate competition, auctions, and elections as well as nuclear strategy, with an emphasis on mutually assured destruction. Lockwood sees game theory essentially everywhere and argues that a rudimentary understanding of it is therefore necessary: “It shows us when to cooperate or compete. It informs us on when to fight or sue for peace. It demonstrates how to structure incentives to achieve better outcomes. With a knowledge of game theory, we are less likely to be outplayed by others.” The author’s analysis is as rigorous as it is thorough, and his command of game theory, unimpeachable. On occasion he helpfully, if unwittingly, shows the limitation of game theory—his critique of the Electoral College, for example, evinces a less-than-sophisticated understanding of its historical purposes. However, his prose is unfailingly clear, a noteworthy feat given the technically prohibitive nature of the subject matter. This is a marvelously concise introduction to game theory, one especially suitable for the intellectually curious but mathematically challenged.

A brief but comprehensive primer on game theory.

Pub Date: Oct. 25, 2022

ISBN: 978-1-62634-979-7

Page Count: 272

Publisher: Greenleaf Book Group Press

Review Posted Online: July 1, 2022

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WHEN BREATH BECOMES AIR

A moving meditation on mortality by a gifted writer whose dual perspectives of physician and patient provide a singular...

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A neurosurgeon with a passion for literature tragically finds his perfect subject after his diagnosis of terminal lung cancer.

Writing isn’t brain surgery, but it’s rare when someone adept at the latter is also so accomplished at the former. Searching for meaning and purpose in his life, Kalanithi pursued a doctorate in literature and had felt certain that he wouldn’t enter the field of medicine, in which his father and other members of his family excelled. “But I couldn’t let go of the question,” he writes, after realizing that his goals “didn’t quite fit in an English department.” “Where did biology, morality, literature and philosophy intersect?” So he decided to set aside his doctoral dissertation and belatedly prepare for medical school, which “would allow me a chance to find answers that are not in books, to find a different sort of sublime, to forge relationships with the suffering, and to keep following the question of what makes human life meaningful, even in the face of death and decay.” The author’s empathy undoubtedly made him an exceptional doctor, and the precision of his prose—as well as the moral purpose underscoring it—suggests that he could have written a good book on any subject he chose. Part of what makes this book so essential is the fact that it was written under a death sentence following the diagnosis that upended his life, just as he was preparing to end his residency and attract offers at the top of his profession. Kalanithi learned he might have 10 years to live or perhaps five. Should he return to neurosurgery (he could and did), or should he write (he also did)? Should he and his wife have a baby? They did, eight months before he died, which was less than two years after the original diagnosis. “The fact of death is unsettling,” he understates. “Yet there is no other way to live.”

A moving meditation on mortality by a gifted writer whose dual perspectives of physician and patient provide a singular clarity.

Pub Date: Jan. 19, 2016

ISBN: 978-0-8129-8840-6

Page Count: 248

Publisher: Random House

Review Posted Online: Sept. 29, 2015

Kirkus Reviews Issue: Oct. 15, 2015

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ONE DAY, EVERYONE WILL HAVE ALWAYS BEEN AGAINST THIS

A philosophically rich critique of state violence and mass apathy.

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An Egyptian Canadian journalist writes searchingly of this time of war.

“Rules, conventions, morals, reality itself: all exist so long as their existence is convenient to the preservation of power.” So writes El Akkad, who goes on to state that one of the demands of modern power is that those subject to it must imagine that some group of people somewhere are not fully human. El Akkad’s pointed example is Gaza, the current destruction of which, he writes, is causing millions of people around the world to examine the supposedly rules-governed, democratic West and declare, “I want nothing to do with this.” El Akkad, author of the novel American War (2017), discerns hypocrisy and racism in the West’s defense of Ukraine and what he views as indifference toward the Palestinian people. No stranger to war zones himself—El Akkad was a correspondent in Afghanistan and Iraq—he writes with grim matter-of-factness about murdered children, famine, and the deliberate targeting of civilians. With no love for Zionism lost, he offers an equally harsh critique of Hamas, yet another one of the “entities obsessed with violence as an ethos, brutal in their treatment of minority groups who in their view should not exist, and self-­decreed to be the true protectors of an entire religion.” Taking a global view, El Akkad, who lives in the U.S., finds almost every government and society wanting, and not least those, he says, that turn away and pretend not to know, behavior that we’ve seen before and that, in the spirit of his title, will one day be explained away until, in the end, it comes down to “a quiet unheard reckoning in the winter of life between the one who said nothing, did nothing, and their own soul.”

A philosophically rich critique of state violence and mass apathy.

Pub Date: Feb. 25, 2025

ISBN: 9780593804148

Page Count: 224

Publisher: Knopf

Review Posted Online: Dec. 14, 2024

Kirkus Reviews Issue: Jan. 15, 2025

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