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THE MIND'S PAST

Name: THE MIND'S PAST
Author: Michael S. Gazzaniga
ISBN: 0-520-21320-3

by Michael S. Gazzaniga ‧ RELEASE DATE: May 1, 1998

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Adding to a growing genre that purports to say how mind arises from brain, a study that is short and witty but not entirely convincing. Dartmouth cognitive neuroscientist Gazzaniga (Nature’s Mind, 1992) argues that human brains are composed of distinct, automatic devices that evolved through natural selection and are already present in a child at birth. A person’s sense that a unified “self” is in charge of these devices is an illusion created by one of them, a left-brain gadget he calls the “interpreter.” It manufactures the fictional self by weaving a narrative in which the self gets credit for issuing orders already executed (moving an arm, writing a sentence). The author supports his thesis with accounts of perception and memory experiments, and anecdotes about brain-damaged patients. Much of this information is entertainingly conveyed, such as Gazzaniga’s critique of the popular notion that reading to babies helps wire their brains. Some elements of his argument are dry, others overly familiar, but the book’s biggest flaws are polemical and logical. Too often Gazzaniga argues by setting up straw men, representing a caricature of theories about centralized brain functions. He tries to banish questions by denying them—“no doubt about it” he says about a typically dubious assertion. Most frustratingly, he insists that the left-brain interpreter is a “spin doctor” without explaining for whose benefit the spinning takes place. Who is the little voter inside the head? Why should the brain construct an illusory self to persuade the illusory self that it is in control? Maybe Gazzaniga has an answer; if so, he should reveal it. On the other hand, this kind of argument may ultimately be a dead end—a figment of the late 20th century scientist’s need to explain the mind entirely as a product of the physical brain. An intriguing theory, assertively stated, but often Gazzaniga’s arguments seem too reductive or dogmatic to be convincing. (12 b&w illustrations, not seen)

Pub Date: May 1, 1998

ISBN: 0-520-21320-3

Page Count: 263

Publisher: Univ. of California

Review Posted Online: May 19, 2010

Kirkus Reviews Issue: March 1, 1998

Categories:

PSYCHOLOGY

- BOOK REVIEW
THE CONSCIOUSNESS INSTINCT
by Michael S. Gazzaniga

- BOOK REVIEW
TALES FROM BOTH SIDES OF THE BRAIN
by Michael S. Gazzaniga

- BOOK REVIEW
WHO'S IN CHARGE?
by Michael S. Gazzaniga

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LOVE, SEXUALITY, AND MATRIARCHY

ABOUT GENDER

by Erich Fromm ‧ RELEASE DATE: Jan. 8, 1998

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A mixed bag of 11 pieces, previously unpublished in English, by the noted German-Jewish-American social psychologist. Fromm (The Art of Loving, Escape from Freedom, etc.) is at his most interesting in writing about the complementary nature of the positive ``selfishness'' of a healthy self-love and the capacity to love another, a theme whose expression in modern Western philosophy and in human relationships he explores in the book's longest essay. He also contributes to intellectual history in elaborating on the pioneering proto-feminist 19th-century writings of Swiss legal scholar J.J. Bachofen, who articulated the position, advanced for its time, that while on the whole there are certain basic and deep biological differences between the sexes, characterological differences among individuals are far more significant. Regrettably, these pieces contain some tired perspectives on such issues as homosexuality (in an essay apparently written around 1940, he refers to it as ``usually an expression of grave personality disorder''). Fromm also is not above stating unverifiable psycho-historical points of view. For example, speaking of the capacity to hate as manifest in Weimar and Nazi Germany, he claims, ``Latent hostility was peculiarly the lot of members of [the German lower middle class] long before it was actualized by Nazi propaganda.'' It remains unclear what is, or how one measures or even perceives, such latent hostility. As these essays show, Fromm was a wide-ranging thinker whose writings sometimes manifested brilliant insights or practical wisdom. Yet, as this volume also shows, he will not be remembered as belonging to the first rank of the century's great social scientists and philosophers, especially those from Germany and Austria. That may be because of the diffuseness of Fromm's thought, his often unsatisfying attempts to synthesize the insights of anthropology, philosophy, and history, as well as depth, interpersonal, social, and even his own ``pop'' psychology.

Pub Date: Jan. 8, 1998

ISBN: 0-88064-186-X

Page Count: 256

Publisher: N/A

Review Posted Online: May 19, 2010

Kirkus Reviews Issue: Nov. 15, 1997

Categories:

PSYCHOLOGY

- BOOK REVIEW
THE ART OF LISTENING
by Erich Fromm

- BOOK REVIEW
ON BEING HUMAN
by Erich Fromm

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WASTED

A MEMOIR OF ANOREXIA AND BULIMIA

by Marya Hornbacher ‧ RELEASE DATE: Jan. 14, 1998

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Bulimic since she was 9 years old, anorexic since she was about 15, the author reveals how and why women with these eating disorders can be helped and, most of all, how long it takes for that help to take hold. Hornbacher, a freelance editor and writer, is now 23 years old and, if not well (``it's never over, not really''), at least ingesting and keeping down enough food to sustain life and begin the repairs of the heart and other organs that were ravaged by over a decade of vomiting and starvation. Not yet convinced that she will survive, she struggles each morning over her bowl of ``goddamn Cheerios'' to let go of the urge to be thinner and of ``the bitch in your head'' who says, ``You're fat.'' With the help of journals and thousands of pages of her own medical records, Hornbacher explores why she began trying to make herself disappear. Although in many ways she fit the profile of a person with an eating disorder—her family life was emotionally chaotic, she was a perfectionist—Hornbacher feels there is more to it, including society's dictate that ``you can't be too rich or too thin.'' In and out of eating-disorder clinics and mental institutions for many years, she also encountered general practitioners who accepted her extremely low weight—she bottomed out at 52 pounds—as normal. Descriptions of both the desperate need to binge and purge and the grip of the addiction to not- eating are vivid. Along the way, Hornbacher was involved with drugs and promiscuous sex but managed to keep her habits and her lifestyle a secret. Hornbacher's message is a warning about the complexity of eating disorders—that they are not simply about food or parental missteps or even ``thin is in,'' but about a tapestry of dysfunction that gives rejection of nourishment a terrible potency of its own. (First serial to New Woman; radio satellite tour)