Historical study of the last shipment of enslaved Africans to America, who created a thriving town outside Mobile, Alabama, after the Civil War.
As the purported last slave ship to sail from West Africa to American shores, the Clotilda, which arrived in 1860, was recovered from the Mobile Delta in 2018. As Tabor recounts, even though the trans-Atlantic slave had been illegal since 1808, the wealthy slave owner Timothy Meaher managed to purchase 110 Africans from the Kingdom of Dahomey, in present-day Benin, in 1859. Yet Meaher was never prosecuted, skirting the authorities on the cusp of the Civil War. Diligently tracing the stories of those original handful of enslaved people, the author, focusing on the story of Cudjo Lewis, “the most famous survivor of the Clotilda’s voyage,” lays out their original plan to return to Africa. When that didn’t come to fruition, they bought some land and started a town. Despite hindrances to Black voting and racist practices in Alabama, the community grew. In 1927, after visiting the town, Zora Neale Hurston “wove her research…into a sixteen-page essay” that was published in The Journal of Negro History. Though “Hurston’s original material accounted for only a small fraction of the piece,” it nonetheless brought further notoriety to the town. However, industrial development by International Paper in the 1930s, and then Scott Paper the following decade, contributed to the increasing degradation of the local environment. As the author shows, alongside ecological problems, the local residents endured ongoing poverty and political disenfranchisement. “The situation in Africatown was a crystalline example of environmental racism,” he writes. Fortunately, in 2012, activists got the town added to the National Register of Historic Places, beginning a process of cleanup and preservation. Tabor’s detailed history is a good complement to Ben Raines’ The Last Slave Ship.
A sharp portrait of a unique American town that stands as “a stark symbol of self-determination.”Pub Date: Feb. 21, 2023
ISBN: 9781250766540
Page Count: 384
Publisher: St. Martin's
Review Posted Online: Dec. 23, 2022
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Jan. 15, 2023
Categories: CURRENT EVENTS & SOCIAL ISSUES | HISTORY | AFRICAN AMERICAN | UNITED STATES | ETHNICITY & RACE
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A master storyteller’s character-driven account of a storied year in the American Revolution.
Against world systems, economic determinist and other external-cause schools of historical thought, McCullough (John Adams, 2001, etc.) has an old-fashioned fondness for the great- (and not-so-great) man tradition, which may not have much explanatory power but almost always yields better-written books. McCullough opens with a courteous nod to the customary villain in the story of American independence, George III, who turns out to be a pleasant and artistically inclined fellow who relied on poor advice; his Westmoreland, for instance, was a British general named Grant who boasted that with 5,000 soldiers he “could march from one end of the American continent to the other.” Other British officers agitated for peace, even as George wondered why Americans would not understand that to be a British subject was to be free by definition. Against these men stood arrayed a rebel army that was, at the least, unimpressive; McCullough observes that New Englanders, for instance, considered washing clothes to be women’s work and so wore filthy clothes until they rotted, with the result that Burgoyne and company had a point in thinking the Continentals a bunch of ragamuffins. The Americans’ military fortunes were none too good for much of 1776, the year of the Declaration; at the slowly unfolding battle for control over New York, George Washington was moved to despair at the sight of sometimes drunk soldiers running from the enemy and of their officers “who, instead of attending to their duty, had stood gazing like bumpkins” at the spectacle. For a man such as Washington, to be a laughingstock was the supreme insult, but the British were driven by other motives than to irritate the general—not least of them reluctance to give up a rich, fertile and beautiful land that, McCullough notes, was providing the world’s highest standard of living in 1776.
Thus the second most costly war in American history, whose “outcome seemed little short of a miracle.” A sterling account.Pub Date: June 1, 2005
ISBN: 0-7432-2671-2
Page Count: 656
Publisher: Simon & Schuster
Review Posted Online: May 19, 2010
Kirkus Reviews Issue: April 1, 2005
Categories: GENERAL HISTORY | UNITED STATES | HISTORY
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Rootin’-tootin’ history of the dry-gulchers, horn-swogglers, and outright killers who populated the Wild West’s wildest city in the late 19th century.
The stories of Wyatt Earp and company, the shootout at the O.K. Corral, and Geronimo and the Apache Wars are all well known. Clavin, who has written books on Dodge City and Wild Bill Hickok, delivers a solid narrative that usefully links significant events—making allies of white enemies, for instance, in facing down the Apache threat, rustling from Mexico, and other ethnically charged circumstances. The author is a touch revisionist, in the modern fashion, in noting that the Earps and Clantons weren’t as bloodthirsty as popular culture has made them out to be. For example, Wyatt and Bat Masterson “took the ‘peace’ in peace officer literally and knew that the way to tame the notorious town was not to outkill the bad guys but to intimidate them, sometimes with the help of a gun barrel to the skull.” Indeed, while some of the Clantons and some of the Earps died violently, most—Wyatt, Bat, Doc Holliday—died of cancer and other ailments, if only a few of old age. Clavin complicates the story by reminding readers that the Earps weren’t really the law in Tombstone and sometimes fell on the other side of the line and that the ordinary citizens of Tombstone and other famed Western venues valued order and peace and weren’t particularly keen on gunfighters and their mischief. Still, updating the old notion that the Earp myth is the American Iliad, the author is at his best when he delineates those fraught spasms of violence. “It is never a good sign for law-abiding citizens,” he writes at one high point, “to see Johnny Ringo rush into town, both him and his horse all in a lather.” Indeed not, even if Ringo wound up killing himself and law-abiding Tombstone faded into obscurity when the silver played out.
Buffs of the Old West will enjoy Clavin’s careful research and vivid writing.Pub Date: April 21, 2020
ISBN: 978-1-250-21458-4
Page Count: 400
Publisher: St. Martin's
Review Posted Online: Jan. 19, 2020
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Feb. 15, 2020
Categories: GENERAL BIOGRAPHY & MEMOIR | GENERAL HISTORY | BIOGRAPHY & MEMOIR | HISTORICAL & MILITARY | UNITED STATES | HISTORY
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