A careful study in economic history that deserves wide airing.
A vigorous account, by a Goldman Sachs VP and presidential adviser, of the high cost of combat.
From the nation’s beginnings, leaders have worried about the burdens the citizenry would have to take up in order to pay for their military, with George Washington warning that debts “which unavoidable wars may have occasioned” should not be charged to future generations but paid for as soon as possible through taxes, however hated taxes might be. A sense of fairness governed presidents until recently; during the War of 1812, for instance, Madison approved a $3 million direct tax on slaves to be paid for by their owners, while during the Civil War the federal government imposed a tax—called a duty to skirt constitutional issues—of three percent on all incomes over $800. “It was a victory for the populists and advocates for working poor and farmers,” Hormats observes, since the average income was only $150. The government raised further funds by printing rather than minting money, risking inflation but solving the short-term problem and retiring the Civil War debt within a few years. During World War II, the mix included a tax on corporate profits and the elimination of special privileges for the rich. All that changed, though, with the Cold War, since an army had to be maintained at constant readiness; the Defense Department was kept on a diet at first, with Eisenhower wisely remarking, “the current problem in defense spending is to figure how far you should go without destroying from within what you are trying to defend from without.” That lesson, Hormats concludes, is lost on the present administration, which threatens through its uncontrolled spending and giveaways to the wealthy to leave future presidents “without the resources, the military capacity, the intelligence capabilities, or the homeland security apparatus required to thwart or cope with a dangerous new security threat.”
A careful study in economic history that deserves wide airing.Pub Date: May 1, 2007
ISBN: 0-8050-8253-0
Page Count: 384
Publisher: Times/Henry Holt
Review Posted Online: May 19, 2010
Kirkus Reviews Issue: March 15, 2007
A moving meditation on mortality by a gifted writer whose dual perspectives of physician and patient provide a singular...
A neurosurgeon with a passion for literature tragically finds his perfect subject after his diagnosis of terminal lung cancer.
Writing isn’t brain surgery, but it’s rare when someone adept at the latter is also so accomplished at the former. Searching for meaning and purpose in his life, Kalanithi pursued a doctorate in literature and had felt certain that he wouldn’t enter the field of medicine, in which his father and other members of his family excelled. “But I couldn’t let go of the question,” he writes, after realizing that his goals “didn’t quite fit in an English department.” “Where did biology, morality, literature and philosophy intersect?” So he decided to set aside his doctoral dissertation and belatedly prepare for medical school, which “would allow me a chance to find answers that are not in books, to find a different sort of sublime, to forge relationships with the suffering, and to keep following the question of what makes human life meaningful, even in the face of death and decay.” The author’s empathy undoubtedly made him an exceptional doctor, and the precision of his prose—as well as the moral purpose underscoring it—suggests that he could have written a good book on any subject he chose. Part of what makes this book so essential is the fact that it was written under a death sentence following the diagnosis that upended his life, just as he was preparing to end his residency and attract offers at the top of his profession. Kalanithi learned he might have 10 years to live or perhaps five. Should he return to neurosurgery (he could and did), or should he write (he also did)? Should he and his wife have a baby? They did, eight months before he died, which was less than two years after the original diagnosis. “The fact of death is unsettling,” he understates. “Yet there is no other way to live.”
A moving meditation on mortality by a gifted writer whose dual perspectives of physician and patient provide a singular clarity.Pub Date: Jan. 19, 2016
ISBN: 978-0-8129-8840-6
Page Count: 248
Publisher: Random House
Review Posted Online: Sept. 29, 2015
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Oct. 15, 2015
PERSPECTIVES
For Howard Zinn, long-time civil rights and anti-war activist, history and ideology have a lot in common. Since he thinks that everything is in someone's interest, the historian—Zinn posits—has to figure out whose interests he or she is defining/defending/reconstructing (hence one of his previous books, The Politics of History). Zinn has no doubts about where he stands in this "people's history": "it is a history disrespectful of governments and respectful of people's movements of resistance." So what we get here, instead of the usual survey of wars, presidents, and institutions, is a survey of the usual rebellions, strikes, and protest movements. Zinn starts out by depicting the arrival of Columbus in North America from the standpoint of the Indians (which amounts to their standpoint as constructed from the observations of the Europeans); and, after easily establishing the cultural disharmony that ensued, he goes on to the importation of slaves into the colonies. Add the laborers and indentured servants that followed, plus women and later immigrants, and you have Zinn's amorphous constituency. To hear Zinn tell it, all anyone did in America at any time was to oppress or be oppressed; and so he obscures as much as his hated mainstream historical foes do—only in Zinn's case there is that absurd presumption that virtually everything that came to pass was the work of ruling-class planning: this amounts to one great indictment for conspiracy. Despite surface similarities, this is not a social history, since we get no sense of the fabric of life. Instead of negating the one-sided histories he detests, Zinn has merely reversed the image; the distortion remains.
Pub Date: Jan. 1, 1979
ISBN: 0061965588
Page Count: 772
Publisher: Harper & Row
Review Posted Online: May 26, 2012
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Jan. 1, 1979
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