An appealing, very different approach to a pressing problem.
An intriguing discussion of poverty and scarcity that uses the tools of behavioral economics and offers some different approaches to mitigation.
Mullainathan (Economics/Harvard Univ.; co-author: Policy and Choice: Public Finance Through the Lens of Behavioral Economics, 2011, etc.) and Shafir (Psychology and Public Affairs/Princeton Univ.; editor: The Behavioral Foundations of Public Policy, 2012, etc.) compare scarcity in different forms—financial, but also in relation to time, diet and loneliness—reporting on psychological tests and human and organizational activity to develop their idea that scarcity can be approached from a cognitive standpoint. The authors discuss the concept of “tunneling,” in which focus is so tightly confined that alternate or broader considerations are excluded, and “bandwidth tax,” where “poverty itself taxes the mind…reduces fluid intelligence and executive control." The authors stress that their approach to scarcity is different than that of economists. They distinguish between “physical scarcity,” which they say “is ubiquitous,” and “the feeling of scarcity,” which is not. They examine the mechanics of payday loans and the way market vendors in the Indian city of Chennai finance inventory, and they discuss how choices are constrained by habits of thought. They insist that scarcity “is not merely the gap between resources and desires on average.” Managing slack, as well as relative plenty, matters as much as managing scarcity, and incentives prove more powerful than education in changing habits. “As we contemplate the better management of scarcity,” they write, “we should remember that scarcity often begins with abundance. The crunch just before a deadline often originates with ample time used ineffectively in the weeks preceding it. The months just before harvest are particularly cash tight because money was not spent well in the easy months following last harvest.”
An appealing, very different approach to a pressing problem.Pub Date: Sept. 3, 2013
ISBN: 978-0-8050-9264-6
Page Count: 304
Publisher: Times/Henry Holt
Review Posted Online: June 16, 2013
Kirkus Reviews Issue: July 1, 2013
The Stoics did much better with the much shorter Enchiridion.
A follow-on to the author’s garbled but popular 48 Laws of Power, promising that readers will learn how to win friends and influence people, to say nothing of outfoxing all those “toxic types” out in the world.
Greene (Mastery, 2012, etc.) begins with a big sell, averring that his book “is designed to immerse you in all aspects of human behavior and illuminate its root causes.” To gauge by this fat compendium, human behavior is mostly rotten, a presumption that fits with the author’s neo-Machiavellian program of self-validation and eventual strategic supremacy. The author works to formula: First, state a “law,” such as “confront your dark side” or “know your limits,” the latter of which seems pale compared to the Delphic oracle’s “nothing in excess.” Next, elaborate on that law with what might seem to be as plain as day: “Losing contact with reality, we make irrational decisions. That is why our success often does not last.” One imagines there might be other reasons for the evanescence of glory, but there you go. Finally, spin out a long tutelary yarn, seemingly the longer the better, to shore up the truism—in this case, the cometary rise and fall of one-time Disney CEO Michael Eisner, with the warning, “his fate could easily be yours, albeit most likely on a smaller scale,” which ranks right up there with the fortuneteller’s “I sense that someone you know has died" in orders of probability. It’s enough to inspire a new law: Beware of those who spend too much time telling you what you already know, even when it’s dressed up in fresh-sounding terms. “Continually mix the visceral with the analytic” is the language of a consultant’s report, more important-sounding than “go with your gut but use your head, too.”
The Stoics did much better with the much shorter Enchiridion.Pub Date: Oct. 23, 2018
ISBN: 978-0-525-42814-5
Page Count: 580
Publisher: Viking
Review Posted Online: July 30, 2018
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Aug. 15, 2018
BOOK REVIEW
BOOK REVIEW
A welcome contribution from a newcomer who provides both a different view and balance in addressing one of the country's...
A fresh, provocative analysis of the debate on education and employment.
Up-and-coming economist Moretti (Economics/Univ. of California, Berkeley) takes issue with the “[w]idespread misconception…that the problem of inequality in the United States is all about the gap between the top one percent and the remaining 99 percent.” The most important aspect of inequality today, he writes, is the widening gap between the 45 million workers with college degrees and the 80 million without—a difference he claims affects every area of peoples' lives. The college-educated part of the population underpins the growth of America's economy of innovation in life sciences, information technology, media and other areas of globally leading research work. Moretti studies the relationship among geographic concentration, innovation and workplace education levels to identify the direct and indirect benefits. He shows that this clustering favors the promotion of self-feeding processes of growth, directly affecting wage levels, both in the innovative industries as well as the sectors that service them. Indirect benefits also accrue from knowledge and other spillovers, which accompany clustering in innovation hubs. Moretti presents research-based evidence supporting his view that the public and private economic benefits of education and research are such that increased federal subsidies would more than pay for themselves. The author fears the development of geographic segregation and Balkanization along education lines if these issues of long-term economic benefits are left inadequately addressed.
A welcome contribution from a newcomer who provides both a different view and balance in addressing one of the country's more profound problems.Pub Date: May 5, 2012
ISBN: 978-0-547-75011-8
Page Count: 304
Publisher: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Review Posted Online: April 3, 2012
Kirkus Reviews Issue: April 15, 2012
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