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THE TYCOONS

HOW ANDREW CARNEGIE, JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER, JAY GOULD, AND J.P. MORGAN INVENTED THE AMERICAN SUPERECONOMY

Best appreciated by those who know the difference between debentures and dentures.

Gould, Rockefeller, Carnegie and Morgan, those legendary robber barons, weren’t so bad after all, says financial writer Morris (Money, Greed, and Risk, 1999, etc.).

Our able guide to the industry of the Gilded Age, unlike many before him, doesn’t find mountains of muck to rake. The fabled wheeler-dealers—Jay and John D., J. P. and Andrew—are presented as intelligent, resolute and often honest. Well, the honest part never really fit Carnegie, whom Morris brands as hypocritical and mendacious. From the end of the Civil War to the turn of the century, this quartet comprised the nation’s commercial avatars. Gould, with comical Jim Fisk, mined the gold. Rockefeller drilled the oil. Morgan sold the government’s guns to the government. (It was later that he saved the country from disaster as “de facto central banker.”) Carnegie, dominating steel, looked the other way during the unpleasantness of the Homestead Strike. It was an era of huge factory farms (“bonanza farms,” they were called) and of offices brimming with paperwork. In a time when steel, not silicone, nourished America’s growth, railroads and department stores flourished. And these four men, with their like-minded associates, managed it all. Perhaps inequality of wealth was great, but, as Morris notes, “it is even higher today.”

Best appreciated by those who know the difference between debentures and dentures.

Pub Date: Oct. 7, 2005

ISBN: 0-8050-7599-2

Page Count: 384

Publisher: Times/Henry Holt

Review Posted Online: May 19, 2010

Kirkus Reviews Issue: Aug. 15, 2005

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NIGHT

The author's youthfulness helps to assure the inevitable comparison with the Anne Frank diary although over and above the...

Elie Wiesel spent his early years in a small Transylvanian town as one of four children. 

He was the only one of the family to survive what Francois Maurois, in his introduction, calls the "human holocaust" of the persecution of the Jews, which began with the restrictions, the singularization of the yellow star, the enclosure within the ghetto, and went on to the mass deportations to the ovens of Auschwitz and Buchenwald. There are unforgettable and horrifying scenes here in this spare and sombre memoir of this experience of the hanging of a child, of his first farewell with his father who leaves him an inheritance of a knife and a spoon, and of his last goodbye at Buchenwald his father's corpse is already cold let alone the long months of survival under unconscionable conditions. 

The author's youthfulness helps to assure the inevitable comparison with the Anne Frank diary although over and above the sphere of suffering shared, and in this case extended to the death march itself, there is no spiritual or emotional legacy here to offset any reader reluctance.

Pub Date: Jan. 16, 2006

ISBN: 0374500010

Page Count: 120

Publisher: Hill & Wang

Review Posted Online: Oct. 7, 2011

Kirkus Reviews Issue: Jan. 15, 2006

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WHEN BREATH BECOMES AIR

A moving meditation on mortality by a gifted writer whose dual perspectives of physician and patient provide a singular...

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  • Pulitzer Prize Finalist

A neurosurgeon with a passion for literature tragically finds his perfect subject after his diagnosis of terminal lung cancer.

Writing isn’t brain surgery, but it’s rare when someone adept at the latter is also so accomplished at the former. Searching for meaning and purpose in his life, Kalanithi pursued a doctorate in literature and had felt certain that he wouldn’t enter the field of medicine, in which his father and other members of his family excelled. “But I couldn’t let go of the question,” he writes, after realizing that his goals “didn’t quite fit in an English department.” “Where did biology, morality, literature and philosophy intersect?” So he decided to set aside his doctoral dissertation and belatedly prepare for medical school, which “would allow me a chance to find answers that are not in books, to find a different sort of sublime, to forge relationships with the suffering, and to keep following the question of what makes human life meaningful, even in the face of death and decay.” The author’s empathy undoubtedly made him an exceptional doctor, and the precision of his prose—as well as the moral purpose underscoring it—suggests that he could have written a good book on any subject he chose. Part of what makes this book so essential is the fact that it was written under a death sentence following the diagnosis that upended his life, just as he was preparing to end his residency and attract offers at the top of his profession. Kalanithi learned he might have 10 years to live or perhaps five. Should he return to neurosurgery (he could and did), or should he write (he also did)? Should he and his wife have a baby? They did, eight months before he died, which was less than two years after the original diagnosis. “The fact of death is unsettling,” he understates. “Yet there is no other way to live.”

A moving meditation on mortality by a gifted writer whose dual perspectives of physician and patient provide a singular clarity.

Pub Date: Jan. 19, 2016

ISBN: 978-0-8129-8840-6

Page Count: 248

Publisher: Random House

Review Posted Online: Sept. 29, 2015

Kirkus Reviews Issue: Oct. 15, 2015

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