A bold, brilliant must-read that should reach a large audience.
A geneticist and neuroscientist presents a thorough scientific exploration and defense of free will.
Mitchell, author of Innate: How the Wiring of Our Brains Shapes Who We Are, uses an evolutionary approach to the question of free will in human beings, synthesizing extensive research findings in multiple scientific and philosophical disciplines. The book, he writes, “is not meant to be an exhaustive intellectual history but instead an overview of things as I see them…an extended argument for a way of thinking about the issue of agency.” The author opens his appealing narrative with the beginning of life in hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor, and he engagingly examines the evolution of living things within the context of evolutionary creativity, positive and negative selection, and signal response in organisms. Mitchell determines that the brain is capable of self-guidance and that free will is an evolved function of biology dependent on neural resources rather than the result of a mystical, intelligent designer. Because the author operates along complex, interdisciplinary planes, readers completely unfamiliar with organic chemistry, biochemistry, and other sciences may need to tread carefully. Yet the dynamic evolutionary processes Mitchell describes and the connections he makes throughout are well worth the effort, and the numerous easy-to-understand illustrations are at once immensely clarifying and edifying. In addition to diving into the hard sciences, Mitchell also discusses the moral, legal, and philosophical ramifications of free will. Human beings, he argues convincingly, must be responsible for their actions. The epilogue about artificial intelligence and its limitations is timely and significant, though the question of whether building an intelligence that approximates agency should be done is left open for now. Mitchell's compelling and absorbing book acts both as a synthesizing primer about evolution and a powerful argument for free will. Its importance and quality are undeniable.
A bold, brilliant must-read that should reach a large audience.Pub Date: Oct. 3, 2023
ISBN: 9780691226231
Page Count: 344
Publisher: Princeton Univ.
Review Posted Online: May 31, 2023
Kirkus Reviews Issue: July 1, 2023
Alternately admiring and critical, unvarnished, and a closely detailed account of a troubled innovator.
A warts-and-all portrait of the famed techno-entrepreneur—and the warts are nearly beyond counting.
To call Elon Musk (b. 1971) “mercurial” is to undervalue the term; to call him a genius is incorrect. Instead, Musk has a gift for leveraging the genius of others in order to make things work. When they don’t, writes eminent biographer Isaacson, it’s because the notoriously headstrong Musk is so sure of himself that he charges ahead against the advice of others: “He does not like to share power.” In this sharp-edged biography, the author likens Musk to an earlier biographical subject, Steve Jobs. Given Musk’s recent political turn, born of the me-first libertarianism of the very rich, however, Henry Ford also comes to mind. What emerges clearly is that Musk, who may or may not have Asperger’s syndrome (“Empathy did not come naturally”), has nurtured several obsessions for years, apart from a passion for the letter X as both a brand and personal name. He firmly believes that “all requirements should be treated as recommendations”; that it is his destiny to make humankind a multi-planetary civilization through innovations in space travel; that government is generally an impediment and that “the thought police are gaining power”; and that “a maniacal sense of urgency” should guide his businesses. That need for speed has led to undeniable successes in beating schedules and competitors, but it has also wrought disaster: One of the most telling anecdotes in the book concerns Musk’s “demon mode” order to relocate thousands of Twitter servers from Sacramento to Portland at breakneck speed, which trashed big parts of the system for months. To judge by Isaacson’s account, that may have been by design, for Musk’s idea of creative destruction seems to mean mostly chaos.
Alternately admiring and critical, unvarnished, and a closely detailed account of a troubled innovator.Pub Date: Sept. 12, 2023
ISBN: 9781982181284
Page Count: 688
Publisher: Simon & Schuster
Review Posted Online: Sept. 12, 2023
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Oct. 15, 2023
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An incisive, urgently relevant analysis of—and call to action on—America’s foundational ideal.
An examination of how the U.S. can revitalize its commitment to freedom.
In this ambitious study, Snyder, author of On Tyranny, The Road to Unfreedom, and other books, explores how American freedom might be reconceived not simply in negative terms—as freedom from coercion, especially by the state—but positive ones: the freedom to develop our human potential within sustaining communal structures. The author blends extensive personal reflections on his own evolving understanding of liberty with definitions of the concept by a range of philosophers, historians, politicians, and social activists. Americans, he explains, often wrongly assume that freedom simply means the removal of some barrier: “An individual is free, we think, when the government is out of the way. Negative freedom is our common sense.” In his careful and impassioned description of the profound implications of this conceptual limitation, Snyder provides a compelling account of the circumstances necessary for the realization of positive freedom, along with a set of detailed recommendations for specific sociopolitical reforms and policy initiatives. “We have to see freedom as positive, as beginning from virtues, as shared among people, and as built into institutions,” he writes. The author argues that it’s absurd to think of government as the enemy of freedom; instead, we ought to reimagine how a strong government might focus on creating the appropriate conditions for human flourishing and genuine liberty. Another essential and overlooked element of freedom is the fostering of a culture of solidarity, in which an awareness of and concern for the disadvantaged becomes a guiding virtue. Particularly striking and persuasive are the sections devoted to eviscerating the false promises of libertarianism, exposing the brutal injustices of the nation’s penitentiaries, and documenting the wide-ranging pathologies that flow from a tax system favoring the ultrawealthy.
An incisive, urgently relevant analysis of—and call to action on—America’s foundational ideal.Pub Date: Sept. 17, 2024
ISBN: 9780593728727
Page Count: 368
Publisher: Crown
Review Posted Online: June 25, 2024
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Aug. 1, 2024
© Copyright 2024 Kirkus Media LLC. All Rights Reserved.
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