An enthralling analysis of simulation, a formidable technology that may usher in a new era of cosmology.
A cosmologist explains how ultramodern computer simulations are advancing scientists' ability to explore the universe in unprecedented detail.
From forecasting the weather to predicting the spread of infectious disease, computer simulations are among the most powerful tools used by modern researchers. In this compelling book, Pontzen, a professor of cosmology at the University College London, delves into how simulation technology has advanced in recent decades, providing a wealth of new insights into one of the biggest questions in cosmology: how a “coherent, organized” universe—and one that supports, and is even contingent upon, the emergence of life—emerged. In elegant language that avoids technical jargon, the author lays bare the challenges and triumphs of computer modeling, explaining that even though supercomputers have an accelerating ability to crunch big data, there is an art to interpreting the results and detecting meaningful patterns. Taking simulations at face value, such as with certain financial modeling programs in the early 2000s, can have disastrous real-world effects. Yet simulations allow physicists to model the entire universe on both a macro and micro scale, yielding vital new information about phenomena including dark matter and energy, black holes, and even the formation of the universe. Indeed, one of the most enticing aspects of simulation, writes Pontzen, is the very humanness of collaborative creation and interpretation of code. “The most exciting results from simulations are not the virtual worlds they generate,” he writes, “which are ever only a poor shadow of reality….The exhilaration lies in the human domain, where simulations express and explore relationships between different scientific ideas.” This book is a testament to the amazing potential of simulations to reveal new truths about the world around us and our place within it.
An enthralling analysis of simulation, a formidable technology that may usher in a new era of cosmology.Pub Date: June 13, 2023
ISBN: 9780593330487
Page Count: 272
Publisher: Riverhead
Review Posted Online: April 24, 2023
Kirkus Reviews Issue: May 15, 2023
A timely, comprehensive, and often interesting argument that the most pressing issue the Middle East faces is not land and borders but rather the supply and distribution of the region's water. A soil scientist with extensive consulting experience throughout the world, Hillel (Plant and Soil Science/Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst; Out of the Earth, 1990) reveals how, in one of the world's most strategic and parched areas, ecological considerations, particularly concerning water supplies, may influence geopolitics as much as summit meetings, police forces, and arms build-ups. Hillel focuses on the region's four great rivers: the Nile, the Tigris, the Euphrates, and the Jordan. He shows how a 1967 dispute between Israel and Syria over water rights was a contributing cause to the Six-Day War; how Iraq and Syria nearly came to blows with Turkey in 1990 over distribution of water from the Euphrates; and how there has been considerable tension between Jordan and Saudi Arabia over an aquifer (a water-bearing layer of permeable rock and a rare geological feature in the arid Middle East) from which both desert kingdoms draw. Hillel also suggests ways that nations can avoid disputes through intercountry and regional agreements, and he proposes various means of increasing water supplies and assuring effective use—e.g., desalination, cloud seeding, drip irrigation, and improved transmission (pipeline leakage wastes fully half the water intended for some Middle Eastern cities). This is an impressively interdisciplinary study that combines insights from geology, archaeology, etymology, biblical and other ancient Near East studies, modern history, soil science, agronomy, ecology, and contemporary political analysis. At times, Hillel floods the reader with highly technical data that will interest only hydrologists or other specialists. Generally, however, this is a clearly written, often colorful, accessible, and useful work of regional studies.
Pub Date: Nov. 1, 1994
ISBN: 0-19-508068-8
Page Count: 352
Publisher: Oxford Univ.
Review Posted Online: May 19, 2010
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Sept. 15, 1994
An exposition of the revolutionary changes in medicine coming in the next century as well as discussion of some of the ethical problems these will create. The distinguished Clark, professor emeritus of immunology at UCLA (Sex and the Origins of Death, 1996, etc.), attempts to explain to nonscientists the biology underlying molecular medicine. This is no small undertaking, and Clark is only partly successful. For the layperson, his work requires careful reading of dense text, mastery of a mysterious new vocabulary—``recombinant plasmids,'' ``antisense mRNA''—and study of complex diagrams. After these demanding biochemistry lessons, Clark turns to a fascinating discussion of what it all means in terms of health. He details the current state of gene therapy in treating cystic fibrosis and severe combined immune deficiency (the Bubble Boy disorder), in which copies of normal genes are being successfully introduced into the living cells of individuals with defective genes. In cancer, the ultimate goal of gene therapy is to alter or kill every tumor cell, and in AIDS to neutralize the effects of HIV. Clark, who is optimistic about reaching these goals, then devotes a chapter each to the profound effects on public health that DNA vaccination (injecting a gene from a pathogen, which would be more effective than today's vaccines) will bring in the next century and to the significance of the Human Genome Project, due to be completed shortly after the turn of the century. He clearly sees an educated public as the best defense against misuse of genetic information, for instance, altering a fetus's genetic makeup with the best of medical intentions but without knowing all the consequences of doing so. Although Clark insists that if one is to understand molecular medicine, one must first understand molecular biology, those who find his biology lectures too academic for comfort can still savor the well-wrought medical and ethical discussions.
Pub Date: Nov. 1, 1997
ISBN: 0-19-511730-1
Page Count: 240
Publisher: Oxford Univ.
Review Posted Online: May 19, 2010
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Sept. 15, 1997
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